રાજકોટ જીલ્લાની પસંદ કરેલ સહકારી બેંકોની અસરકારક કાર્યક્ષમતાનો અભ્યાસ

આર્થિક ક્ષેત્રે જે વિવિધ સમાજ રચનાઓ અસ્તિત્વમાં આવી અને એનાં જે વિશિષ્ટ સ્વરૂપો વિકાસ પામ્યા છે, તેમાં “સહકાર” એક વિશિષ્ટ ભાત પાડતું સંગઠન છે. આર્થિક પ્રશ્ર્નોનો સાચો ઉકેલ મેળવવા સ્વાશ્રય, પરસ્પર સહાય, સમાનતા અને કરકસર જેવા સિધ્ધાંતોનો સમાવેશ સહકારમાં થાય છે. સામાન્ય વ્યવહારમાં સહકારનો અર્થ “સાથે કામ કરવું” એવો થાય છે. પરંતુ આ અર્થ સંકુચિત છે. વસ્તુના ઉત્પાદનના કાર્યમાં ઉત્પાદનનાં ચારે સાધનો જમીન, શ્રમ, મૂડી અને નિયોજક સાથે મળીને કામ કરે છે. ઉત્પાદનના સાધનોના સંયુક્ત પ્રયાસ સિવાય વસ્તુનું ઉત્પાદન શક્ય બનતું નથી. છતાં તેને સહકારના સ્વરૂપે ઓળખી શકાય નહીં. કેમ કે આમાં ઉત્પાદન કરવા માટે ઉત્પાદનનાં દરેક સાધનો ઉત્પાદનમાંથી વધુમાં વધુ હિસ્સો મેળવવાનો પ્રયત્ન કરે છે તેવી વહેંચણીમાં સમાનતા રહેતી નથી. માટે ઉત્પાદનની ક્રિયાને સહકારી પ્રવૃત્તિ તરીકે ઓળખી શકાય નહીં. સહકારમાં માનવીથી શરૂઆત થાય છે અને માનવી જ કેન્દ્રમાં અને લક્ષ્યમાં રહે છે. મૂડીવાદમાં પૈસો જ કેન્દ્રસ્થાને હોય છે. માણસ તો માત્ર તેના પૂરક તરીકે ગૌણ સ્થાન ધરાવે છે. જ્યારે સામા પક્ષે સહકારમાં તો માનવ ગૌરવ કેન્દ્ર સ્થાને આવે છે, અને તેથી જ નાણાંકીય ફાયદાઓ સાથે ગુણવત્તાયુક્ત સેવાઓની અપેક્ષા હોય છે. સહકાર વર્તમાન અર્થશાસ્ત્ર કે માનવ અર્થશાસ્ત્ર છે. દેશમાં વધારે ને વધારે ઉત્પાદન થવા સાથે તેની વહેંચણી પણ સપ્રમાણ થાય, દેશવાસીઓની આર્થિક સામાજીક સ્થિતિ સુધરે તેઓને વધુ ને વધુ તકો મળે વગેરે માટે રાજકીય વિચારકો અને અર્થશાસ્ત્રીઓ માનવ અને કલ્યાણલક્ષી અર્થશાસ્ત્રના એક પાસા તરીકે સહકારને આર્થિક આયોજનમાં મહત્વ આપે છે. સહકારી ક્ષેત્રે માનવીનાં મહત્વનું મૂળથી જ સ્વીકાર કરવામાં આવે છે

Role of hysteroscopy for diagnosis and treatment of uterine factors affecting subfertility

Background: Hysteroscopy has become the gold standard for diagnosis of intrauterine abnormalities. Intrauterine lesions such as adhesions, uterine septum polyps or submucous myomas are diagnosed much more precisely by hysteroscopy and are detectable in 10-15% of women seeking treatment for subfertility. The present study analyses various etiological factors in infertility diagnosed by hysteroscopy and to evaluate therapeutic interventions done during hysteroscopy.Methods: The cases for the study will include all women with primary or secondary infertility admitted in tertiary health centre from April 2016 to May 2018 for hysteroscopy.Results: Out of 90 subjects 66 (73.3%) were primary infertility and 24 (26.7%) were secondary infertility. Out of 90 cases studied, 68 (75.6%) had normal findings, 10 (11.1%) had endometrial polyps, 01 (1.1%) had submucous fibroid, 5 (5.6%) had septate uterus, hyperplastic endometrium in 3 (3.3%) and atropic endometrium in 1 (1.1%), intrauterine adhesions and hypoplastic uterus in 1 each. Hysteroscopic interventions were performed in the form of curettage in 08 (33.3%), hysteroscopic cannulation in 2 (8.3%), polypectomy and septal resection in 5 (20.8%) cases each, submucosal fibroid resection in 1 (4.2%) cases, tubal block released in 2 (8.3%).Conclusions: Hysteroscopy was found the best method in evaluation of intrauterine conditions for subfertility and also the type and location of uterine abnormalities can be precisely noted. The removal of those changes during operative hysteroscopy increases the fertility rate in women treated during this procedure

Neonatal septicemia- a smooth technique of diagnosis in developing countries

Background: Neonatal septicemia is characterized by clinical signs and symptoms accompanied by bacteremia in the first month of life. As per National Neonatal Perinatal Database (NNPD) 2002-2003, the incidence of neonatal sepsis in India was 30 per 1000 live birth. C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase reactant has advantages of low serum levels in normal infants, a rapid rise after 12 to 24 hours of sepsis and a massive rise thereafter as long as inflammatory stimuli persist and followed by immediate fall of serum level as soon as inflammation subside.Methods: Total 100 cases were studied at NICU, K.R Hospital, Mysore, India. Peripheral blood smear was prepared by heel prick and were stained using Leishman stain.  Total leucocyte count was performed by using automated haematology analyzer. I/T (immature to total neutrophil) ratio were calculated by dividing the total immature count by total neutrophil count (including both mature and immature neutrophil count. C reactive protein was assessed by kit using CRP Latex, agglutination slide test. For Micro ESR blood was collected in preheparinised microhematocrit tubes of 75 mm length with an internal diameter of 1.1 mm & external diameter of 1.5 mm by heel prick technique.Results: Our study revealed that, among 100 children under study, males of low birth weight were commonly affected. Among the investigations I:T ratio and CRP shows a better sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.Conclusions: Amongst all the hematological parameters Immature to total neutrophil (I:T) ratio has a reasonably good predictive value for early diagnosis of neonatal septicemia. This study is done as an endeavor to add to something about our preexisting knowledge of diagnosis of neonatal sepsis early for better management of this group of patients especially in developing countries.

NB-JNCD Coding and Iterative Joint Decoding Scheme for a Reliable communication in Wireless sensor Networks with results

Privacy threat is a very serious issue in multi-hop wireless networks (MWNs) since open wireless channels are vulnerable to malicious attacks. A distributed random linear network coding approach for transmission and compression of information in general multisource multicast networks. Network nodes independently and randomly select linear mappings from inputs onto output links over some field. Network coding has the potential to thwart traffic analysis attacks since the coding/mixing operation is encouraged at intermediate nodes. However, the simple deployment of network coding cannot achieve the goal once enough packets are collected by the adversaries. This paper proposes non-binary joint network-channel coding for reliable communication in wireless networks. NB-JNCC seamlessly combines non-binary channel coding and random linear network coding, and uses an iterative two-tier coding scheme that weproposed to jointly exploit redundancy inside packets and across packets for error recovery

A novel key management protocol for vehicular cloud security

Vehicular cloud computing (VCC) is a new hybrid technology which has become an outstanding area of research. VCC combines salient features of cloud computing and wireless communication technology to help drivers in network connectivity, storage space availability and applications. VCC is formed by dynamic cloud formation by moving vehicles. Security plays an important role in VCC communication. Key management is one of the important tasks for security of VCC. This paper proposes a novel key management protocol for VCC security. Proposed scheme is based on Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC). The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed protocol is efficient compared to existing key management algorithms in terms of key generation time, memory usage and cpu utilization

Correlation of serum magnesium levels in eclampsia with pritchard and single dose magnesium sulphate regimen

Background: Magnesium sulphate is anticonvulsant of choice for eclampsia. Single dose magnesium sulphate therapy was tried for the management of Eclampsia and Imminent Eclampsia considering the low body mass index of Indian population.Methods: A prospective interventional study comprising of total 80 patients having either eclampsia or imminent eclampsia, to whom the Pritchard or a single dose MgSO4 was given alternatively in a tertiary hospital   from October 2014 to October 2017. Serum magnesium levels, maternal and perinatal outcome and recurrence of convulsions were evaluated using Student- t test and chi square test.Results: Mean Serum Magnesium levels in eclampsia and imminent eclampsia group at 0 min, 30 min, 4 hours in Pritchard regimen were 1.96mg/dl, 5.85mg/dl, 4.68mg/dl while in single dose regimen it was 1.78mg/dl, 462mg/dl, 3.63mg/dl respectively. Those who received Pritchard regimen showed higher level of Serum magnesium levels at 30 minutes and 4 hours than those receiving single dose. By applying T-test it was found that there is a significant difference in serum magnesium levels range in both group but no statistical difference in the control of convulsions in both groups.Conclusions: With increased and almost widespread use of magnesium sulfate in obstetrics there has been concerns regarding its safety. In the study, although P-values are not significant because of small sample size, there is considerable difference in serum magnesium levels 30 min and 4 hours, recurrence of convulsions and maternal morbidity between Pritchard regimen and single dose regimen. The goal which was achieved with Pritchard regimen previously, now can be achieved with single dose regimen in Indian women. Single dose magnesium sulphate is safe and effective in controlling convulsions with improved maternal and perinatal outcome

Crystalline phases in chiral ferromagnets: Destabilization of helical order

In chiral ferromagnets, weak spin-orbit interactions twist the ferromagnetic order into spirals, leading to helical order. We investigate an extended Ginzburg-Landau theory of such systems where the helical order is destabilized in favor of crystalline phases. These crystalline phases are based on periodic arrangements of double-twist cylinders and are strongly reminiscent of blue phases in liquid crystals. We discuss the relevance of such blue phases for the phase diagram of the chiral ferromagnet MnSi.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures (published version

SLE during pregnancy, maternal and perinatal outcome in teritary hospital

Background: SLE is an autoimmune disease most frequently found in women of child bearing age and may co­exist with pregnancy. Its multisystem involvement and therapeutic interventions pose a high risk for both the mother and the foetus. Disease flares in pregnancy pose challenges with respect to distinguishing physiologic changes related to pregnancy from disease related manifestations. The present study analyzes the fetomaternal outcome of pregnant women with SLE.Methods: An analysis of fetomaternal outcome of pregnant women with SLE during April  2015 to May 2016 at JSS hospital.Results: During the period from April 2016 to May 2016, 3773 deliveries were conducted in the department. Eleven pregnant women with SLE were followed up during this period, giving an incidence of 0.29/1000 deliveries. A high rate of lupus flare during pregnancy was found in the current study. Even among women in remission for more than six months before pregnancy, the rate of lupus flare was not low (27%). Also other complications seen were pre-eclampsia 54.54%, HELLP syndrome in 9.09% , PPH in 50%, polyserositis seen in 9.09% and one maternal death was seen (9.09%). No neonate suffered from heart-blocker however there was 75 % NICU admissions among live borns.Conclusions: Advancing technology and better understanding of the maternal-foetal relationship in lupus have improved outcomes in lupus pregnancies over the last decade. The multisystem nature of the disease, the severity of the organ involvement needs to be assessed and a multidisciplinary approach is required for its diagnosis and successful management

Decentralization and housing delivery : lessons from the case of San Fernando, La Union, Philippines

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-147).In this thesis, we argue that national policies (of housing and decentralization) when applied indiscriminately, without regard to the political, institutional, and capacity constraints of local governments, can have negative consequences, and sometimes end up being a regressive. This is particularly true when policies, designed in response to problems of large metropolitan areas, are applied randomly across entire nations. Our study analyzes the housing sector of the city of San Fernando, in the La Union Province of the Philippines, to draw lessons about the constraints that decentralized local government units face in practice. Our findings support the arguments for the differential treatment of local governments, in the implementation decentralization and housing policies. The Philippines decentralized its governance structure in 1991, with the passage of the Local Government Code. With this law, the responsibility of implementing housing projects was devolved to the local government level. Soon thereafter, in 1992, the Urban Development and Housing Act (UDHA) was adopted with the intent of transforming the role of government in the housing sector from that of a "provider" to one of an "enabler." These reforms have been hailed as successful and revolutionary by many. Our findings challenge the alleged success of efforts to decentralize the housing sector of the Philippines. We found a conflict between some of the policies set forth in the Local Government Code and the UDHA. This conflict, combined with the limited technical and administrative capacity of local government units, such as that of San Fernando, are resulting in the implementation of housing projects reminiscent of the failed public housing schemes of the 1950s and 1960s. Through our analysis of the case, we identify the various political, social, administrative, and institutional limitations that constrain the local government of San Fernando in its approach to the housing sector. Our study suggests ways to deal with these constraints, and highlights the need for the differential treatment of local governments, in order to successfully implement decentralization, and other policy reforms in the developing world.by Ashna S. Mathema and Nayana N. Mawilmada.M.C.P

Study of acceptance of post-abortal contraception in a tertiary care centre

Background: Unsafe abortions is causing about 8% of maternal deaths in India. So, it’s important to use contraception not only for spacing but also to prevent unintended pregnancies. It is well known that fertility is resumed in the immediate cycle following an abortion. Post abortal contraception is very important in preventing pregnancies in the immediate post-abortal period. This study was intended to know the acceptance of post-abortal contraception in women coming for medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) or following spontaneous abortion in tertiary care centre. Thus, it is vital to know the choices made by them, to know the method accepted so that it will be helpful in bringing awareness in those who do not opt for post-abortal contraception. Aims and objectives were to study the acceptance rate of post-abortal contraception. Also, to study the method of contraception accepted.Methods: It was a retrospective cohort study from 2018 to 2020 done in Vani Vilas hospital, BMCRI, a tertiary hospital. A total of 2273 patients were enrolled in the study. Data was collected from both 1st trimester and 2nd trimester abortion patients (spontaneous/induced) from the Comprehensive abortion care register. The acceptance and method of contraception accepted was studied. Inclusion criteria were-women coming to tertiary centre for abortion (spontaneous/induced) to Vani Vilas hospital. Exclusion criteria were-Molar pregnancy and Ectopic pregnancy. Demography, educational status, details of spontaneous or induced abortions, parity and gestational age at abortion, the acceptance and methods of contraception accepted were studied.Results: A total of 2273 patients were included in the study of which 738 were MTP and 1535 were cases of spontaneous abortion. 912 (40.12%) were primigravidae and 1361 (59.87%) were multigravida. Various methods of contraceptives were accepted by 1973 (86.80%) patients, whereas 300 (13.19%) did not opt for any method of contraception. Of 1973 patients,176 (7.7%) underwent sterilization.Conclusions: The acceptance rate of post-abortion contraceptive methods was good. Acceptance of COCs and LARC was almost similar in this study. Immediate acceptance of contraception in the post-abortal period is very crucial in reducing unintended pregnancies and abortions hence family planning services after abortion need to be strengthened