Formalization of SOA concepts with mathematical foundation

With the development of the IT industry, agility and dynamicity are the two expected characteristics from any business enterprise. Service oriented architecture (SOA) is emerging as a promising approach aiming to address the current trends/needs of enterprise business applications. The current work aims at giving an overview of the conceptual model of SOA based on set theory approach. Also, it posits mathematical definitions for service, logical service, environment service and application definition with the help of general systems theory and mathematical foundation. With the help of mathematical model, the definition and functionality of services enhances SOA principles which can be used efficiently in integrating heterogeneous components

A study of intrauterine fetal death in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Intra uterine fetal death (IUFD) is the most traumatic event for the parents and the treating obstetrician. If the causes of IUFD can be found, an effective strategy for prevention can be formulated. This study was done to study the etiological factors and other determinants of IUFD.Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in M. S. Ramaiah medical college and teaching hospital, Bangalore, India between December 2011 to December 2014. 120 cases of IUFD were included in this study.Results: Out of 4103 deliveries that occurred during the study period, there were 120 IUFD (2.9%). 52 cases (43.3%) were referral cases. Majority were multigravida(n=73,60.8%) aged less than 30 years (n=96,80%) with 28 to 36 weeks period of gestation(n=66,55%).91 patients had presented with absent fetal movements(75.8%).In 25% of the cases(n=30) there was preeclampsia and in 21.6% (n=26)of the cases there were no causes determined.99.1%(n=119) delivered by vaginal route.Conclusions: The leading cause of IUFD in our study was preeclampsia. Majority of the cases were referred and they did not have regular antenatal checkups. A bigger impact in reduction of IUFD can be achieved if the importance of antenatal care can be stressed upon at the community level

Expression of Bcl-2 marker in premalignant lesions of cervical cancer

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers in women of developing countries. HPV DNA testing is preferred cervical screening method for woman 30-65 years old as HPV is the proved causative agent of cervical carcinoma. Due to the high costs involved in doing HPV DNA test there is a need for a biomarker such as Bcl-2 which can indicate the initiation of carcinogenic process of HPV infection and thus can be used to identify those woman who will need more surveillance.Methods: Specimens of cervical biopsy retrieved from incident cases for routine histopathological evaluation from the Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, M.S. Ramaiah hospital, Bangalore, India from March 2013 to September 2015 formed the source of data for the study.Results: In this study total of 46 cases were studied which included 9 cases of CIN-1, 8 cases of CIN-2, 7 cases of CIN-3, 12 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 10 cases of on specific cervicitis. Higher number of malignant lesions (75%) expressed Bcl-2 positivity as compared to premalignant lesions (62.5%). In case of CIN lesions, Bcl-2 positivity increased as the grade increased (CIN-1- 55.56%; CIN-2 - 62.5%; CIN-3 -71.43%).Conclusions: Bcl-2 which is an intracellular membrane protein which prevents apoptotic cell death can be used as a biomarker to know the severity of the CIN lesion and hence help in identifying the high risk CIN lesions which need further surveillance and treatment

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Developing Nations: Emerging Mental Health Challenges and Interventions

The world is facing an unprecedented challenge of the 21st century in the form of COVID-19 outbreak. People across the culture, race, ethnicity, socio-economic background are being affected by the rippling effects of this pandemic. The aim of this narrative review is to briefly describe the impact of the pandemic on mental health, the vicious cycle of social issues and psychological health caused and aggravated by the Covid-19 pandemic. We also aim to highlight certain interventions to overcome the mental health challenges posed by the pandemic. For this purpose, a thorough search of all databases was done to gather articles relevant to the objective of this narrative review. Keywords were used in combination and separately to identify the articles on the various psychosocial issues caused by the pandemic. Published articles in various databases like Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed etc., related to psychosocial effects due to COVID-19 were searched and summarized to justify and support the objective of this paper. The coming months will reveal the extent of damage this pandemic has caused to the socio-economic and health sectors across the globe. It is crucial to recognize the psychosocial impact of this pandemic and necessitate the measures to overcome them by mobilizing the resources we have at hand

Smart Parking System Using Color QR Code

In today’s world, parking area constitutes nearly most of traffic congestion is caused by vehicles cruising around their destination and looking for a place to park. Due to this reason many day-to-day activities are affected such as waste of time, fuel wastage, frustration to drivers, theft fear, pollution etc. These factors motivated to pave a new method for smart parking system. In this method the detection is reliable, even when tests are performed using images captured from a different viewpoint. It also provides to design a highly reliable & compatible image segmentation measures for parking slot identification system and a user key driven data base measures to detect the vehicle using theft alarm system

Ectopic pregnancy in a tertiary care center: a retrospective study

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is an obstetric emergency which if not diagnosed in time can cost the life of the patient. This emphasizes the importance of diagnosing this perilous condition and hence this study was undertaken to study symptoms with which the patients with ectopic pregnancy present.Methods: Retrospective study of 5 years was done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, M. S. Ramaiah medical college and teaching hospital, Bangalore, India between January 2011 to January 2016. Detailed analysis of patients with ectopic pregnancy inclusive of the age and clinical features were studied.Results: A total of 90 patients with ectopic pregnancy were studied. 95.5% of the patients (n=86) presented with abdominal pain, 81.1% (n=73) of the patients presented with amenorrhea, 24.4% (n=22) patients presented with bleeding per vagina, 30% (n=27) patients with nausea, vomiting and 48.8% (n=44) presented with fainting and giddiness.Conclusions: It is very essential to study the symptoms of ectopic pregnancy as this may help in early detection of ectopic pregnancy and hence can reduce the mortality in this catastrophic condition

Status of billfish fishery along the Indian coast

The landings of billfishes along the Indian coast showing an increasing trend since the 1990s and the estimated landings during 2019 was reported to be 14759 tonnes. In India, five species Istiophorus platypterus, Kajikia audax, Istiompax indica, Makaira nigricans and Xiphias gladius are reported regularly while rare landings of Tetrapturus angustirostris are also recorded. The average annual billfish landings during 2012-2019 in different maritime states indicates that Kerala (4942.9 t) leads followed by Tamil Nadu 3386.8 t, Andhra Pradesh 2215.3 t, Gujarat 944.5 t, Maharashtra 277.8 t and so on. Mechanised gillnetter forms the chief craft and gear operated for billfish resources. I.platypterus dominated among the billfish species landed during all the years followed by I.indica, X.gladius, M.nigricans and K.audax. The fishes commanded rate of `100 per kg for I. platypterus, 120-140 for X. gladius and 160-200 for Marlins

Fishery, systematics and stock dynamics of billfishes landed along the Indian coast

Sailfishes, marlins, spearfishes and swordfishes commonly referred to as billfishes are highly migratory species, with a worldwide distribution in tropical and subtropical oceans. The landings of billfishes along the Indian coast registered an increasing trend with an estimated landing of 14,759 t in 2019. Kerala (41%) contributed the maximum followed by Tamil Nadu (28%), Andhra Pradesh (18%), Gujarat (8%) and Maharashtra (2%) to the total billfish landings during the last decade. Mechanised gillnetter cum hook and line was the major gear landing billfishes. The major species landed during 2012-2019 were Istiophorus platypterus (52.2%), Istiompax indica (21.1%), Makaira nigricans (7.3%), Xiphias gladius (17.2%) and Kajikia audax (2.3%). Four of these species could be easily distinguished by COI barcodes but, the striped marlin, K. audax showed high sequence similarity with K. albida and cannot be distinguished by barcodes alone. Control region (889 bp) provided a better phylogenetic signal, consistent with that of the whole mitochondrial genome topology. The stock status plots of billfishes depicted that, all the species were in the developing and exploited phase. Growth, mortality and exploitation rates estimated for four billfishes indicated that the present fishing rates and biomass levels are at safe levels and there is considerable scope for enhancing their fishery