The schur multiplier of pairs of nonabelian groups of order p4

Let (G,N) be a pair of groups where G is any group and N is a normal subgroup of G, then the Schur multiplier of pairs of groups is a functorial abelian group. The notion of the Schur multiplier of pairs of groups is an extension from the Schur multiplier of a group G. In this research, the Schur multiplier of pairs of finite nonabelian groups of order p4, where p is an odd prime, is determined

Effect of waterjet cleaning parameters during paint removal operation on automotive steel components

The automotive industry is expanding quickly, and each year, many vehicles are produced with beautiful paints. Increases in the number of end-of-life or old vehicles will occur as a result of uncontrolled growth in the number of manufactured vehicles. Recycling car parts is therefore necessary in the automotive industry specially to beautify the appearance of old vehicles with new paint. Waterjet cleaning is one of the most contemporary techniques frequently employed to guarantee uniform paint removal with no secondary pollutions. Study on waterjet cleaning parameters mostly focuses on pressure, traverse rate, and standoff distance. However, there are other new parameters associated with waterjet cleaning process namely number of cleaning passes and overlap rate which shows improvement in paint removal but lack in literature reviews. In the present study, paint is removed using the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) and plain waterjet (PWJ) paint removal techniques from parts made for automobiles in order to examine cleaning characteristics such as effectiveness and surface roughness. The findings indicated that AWJ cleaning process was more effective at cleaning than PWJ, which had a smaller cleaning capacity. However, AWJ cleaning process resulted in a rougher surface due to complete removal of paints as well as erosion of the substrate material. A better control of AWJ cleaning process may result in more efficient of paint removal without damaging the substrate material

Patterned membrane in an energy-efficient tilted panel filtration system for fouling control in activated sludge filtration

A membrane bioreactor enhances the overall biological performance of a conventional activated sludge system for wastewater treatment by producing high-quality effluent suitable for reuse. However, membrane fouling hinders the widespread application of membrane bioreactors by reducing the hydraulic performance, shortening membrane lifespan, and increasing the operational costs for membrane fouling management. This study assesses the combined effect of membrane surface corrugation and a tilted panel in enhancing the impact of air bubbling for membrane fouling control in activated sludge filtration, applicable for membrane bioreactors. The filterability performance of such a system was further tested under variable parameters: Filtration cycle, aeration rate, and intermittent aeration. Results show that a combination of surface corrugation and panel tilting enhances the impact of aeration and leads to 87% permeance increment. The results of the parametric study shows that the highest permeance was achieved under short filtration-relaxation cycle of 5 min, high aeration rate of 1.5 L/min, and short switching period of 2.5 min, to yield the permeances of 465 ± 18, 447 ± 2, and 369 ± 9 L/(m2h bar), respectively. The high permeances lead to higher operational flux that helps to lower the membrane area as well as energy consumption. Initial estimation of the fully aerated system yields the energy input of 0.152 kWh/m3, much lower than data from the full-scale references of <0.4 kWh/m3. Further energy savings and a lower system footprint can still be achieved by applying the two-sided panel with a switching system, which will be addressed in the future

Consumers' perception of automatic emergency braking (AEB): Theoretical model and construct development

Due to remarkable developments, various automated driving systems, known as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), have been implemented, and the entire range of human driver activity in modern vehicles is undergoing changes. However, whether or not the consumers will accept and satisfy the emerging technologies, especially Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB), remains a big question. Therefore, it is vital to understand how vehicle consumers or potential consumers decide to use or not to use, and what they expect or perceive of AEB. This work intends to review the published works on AEB to understand the current market of the technology. In order to investigate the user's perception, a developed theoretical model is planned to be adopted. The review was conducted by searching from Google Scholar and the ScienceDirect database through Universiti Malaysia Pahang online databases. The knowledge and understanding of the current AEB market and theoretical model will help researchers plan the next steps to explore consumer or potential consumer perception

Influence of lateral variation of permeability on steam assisted gravity drainage

Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is the dominant oil recovery method to extract heavy oil and bitumen in sandstone and tarsand in Canada. There are plenty of publications studying SAGD mechanism and the effects of some reservoir and operating parameters on this process. These factors mainly include steam injection rate and pressure, well placement, vertical and horizontal permeability, barriers, conductive fracture, porosity and pay zone thickness. According to authors literature review, there is not any published study to investigate the effect of lateral variation of vertical permeability on SAGD mechanism and performance. This paper is a numerical effort to study influence of lateral variation of vertical permeability on SAGD mechanism and performance. In this paper some types of lateral variation of vertical permeability are considered to examine their influence on the process. Compared to uniform permeability case, the case with lower vertical permeability in parts far from the wells shows no change in oil recovery pattern. The case with lower vertical permeability near the wellbore region and the same vertical permeability in parts far from wells results in lower oil recovery till late time of process. Declined permeability to the given extent in middle region with the length of 30 m is the critical length longer which does not have any impact on the oil recovery. While the vertical permeability has considerable effects on oil recovery, associated horizontal permeability also has remarkable impact if happened in near wellbore region. Based on the results, it is concluded that in early time of the process that steam chamber propagates upward, convention has a very important role in heat transfer to reservoir, however, in late time that steam chamber moves sideways, conduction has also an important role in reservoir heating. This work has some evidences revealing the role of convention and conduction in reservoir heating in various steps of SAGD process

The depiction of metaphorical aspects in the selected literary work by the American dramatist Eugene O'Neill

This paper is to present the metaphorical aspects of Eugene O’Neill‘s selected plays. Revising the dramatic and literary life of the father of American drama. The main objective of this study to find out some tragic, metaphorical aspect in the plays such as Desire under the Elm; The strange interlude and the long day’s journey into night and The Hairy Ape. The analysis is the narrative analysis, as well as the data analysis is the documentary analysis. The tool is in interpretive in data analysis. In data collection. The tool is the secondary data, the researchers look to the metaphorical expressions and their effects. In short, the main aim is to find metaphorical expression in the plays of Eugene ONeill selected plays. The analysis is qualitative as well as to conduct the narrative technique because the study is dealt with stories, actions, and character to narrate their events

The characterization and thermo-physical property investigations of SiO2/HFE7000 nanorefrigerants

This paper presents the characterizations and thermo-physical properties investigation of SiO2/HFE7000 nanorefrigerants for 0.005–0.02% volume concentrations and temperature ranges of 283–303 K. SiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed in HFE7000 refrigerants by utilizing the two-step method. The measurements of thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity were performed by using KD2 Pro Thermal Properties Analyzer and LVDV-III Rheometer, respectively. The SiO2/HFE7000 nanorefrigerants shows high stability with the SiO2 nanoparticles remains suspended when observed for more than 90 days. The thermal conductivity is found increases by concentrations, but decreases by temperature. The highest thermal conductivity enhancement of 27% is observed at 0.02% volume concentration. Meanwhile, the dynamic viscosity of SiO2/HFE7000 nanorefrigerants increases by volume concentrations however decreases by temperatures. The nanorefrigerants behaved as Newtonian fluids. As a conclusion, the present novel SiO2/HFE7000 nanorefrigerants have potential in various heat transfer applications with great stability and thermo-physical properties behaviours

The depiction of the tragedy and psychological aspects in the selected plays of American dramatist Eugene O Neill

The paper is to present the tragedy and psychological aspect of Eugene O’Neill‘s selected plays. Reviewing the dramatic life of the father of American drama is the main objective of this study while also finding out some tragic and psychological aspect in the plays such as Desire under the Elm; The strange interlude and; the long day’s journey into night and The Hairy Ape. The analysis is the narrative analysis, as well as the data analysis, is to narrate the tragedy and psychological concepts in original content of selected plays in Eugene O’Nei

APPROXIMATED METHODS DETERMINING ELECTROMAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CURRENT-CARRYING SYSTEMS AND CONDUCTING DESIGN OF ELECTRIC PLANTS

The aim is to develop and improve the analytical, numerical-analytical and numerical algorithms for design of the electromagnetic characteristics in the current-carrying systems of electric plants. The algorithmic complex for design of the fields in current-carrying systems and surrounding designs of ferromagnetic materials has been developed. The program complex for design of the field characteristics in the current-carrying system parts has been developed. The programs for optimization of the current-wires and for design of the losses in the sheets and beams are used in the design practiceAvailable from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio