Effect of Curing Temperature and Free Lime Content in Fly Ash on Basic Properties and Autoclave Expansion of Fly Ash Mixtures

This study incorporates a detailed experimental program executed to determine the degree up to which the autoclave expansion of fly ash mixtures is sensitive to curing temperature. Three types of fly ashes were used and free lime was applied to increase the free lime contents in different fly ashes up to 10%. The influence of curing temperature on autoclave expansion of the mixtures was evaluated by curing under two temperatures, i.e., 23°C and 29°C for 24 hours after mixing. Experimental results exhibited that a higher free lime percentage resulted in a higher magnitude of autoclave expansion. It was observed that at a curing temperature of 23°C, the autoclave expansion was higher than the expansion of samples cured at a temperature of 29°C. Most of the mixtures, except the mixtures containing 40% fly ashes with the free lime amount of 10% and cured at a lower curing temperature, showed autoclave expansion values below the allowable limit recommended by ASTM C618

Molecular Characterization of Wheat Genotypes Using SSR Markers

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rusts are the most destructive and widespread among all other diseases of wheat because of their wide distribution, and their capacity to form new races that can attack previously resistant cultivars which result in serious yield losses. The molecular characterization and genetic diversity of 20 wheat genotypes was investigated using 34 polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) screened primers. About thirty-one loci were found. Lr-19 gene was present in all 20 wheat genotypes that cause resistance against wheat rust. Shalimar-86 and Chakwal-86 showed the highest genetic diversity with SH-02 and Ufaq respectively, giving a 98.94% genetic similarity and a minimum genetic diversity was observed between Chakwal-50 and Bhakar which showed that they are 74% similar. The current research found that SSR makers could distinguish and characterize all of the genotypes, more screened primers could be used for study and for saturation of different regions in further research. The identification of rust resistant genes in Pakistani wheat germplasm will help in accelerating the breeding program in future, including pyramiding of different wheat resistant genes in wheat genotypes and varieties

Lexical Borrowing in Print Media: Bilingualism in English Newspapers of Pakistan

English has been considered as one of the most useful spoken language and is referred as Lingua Franca all around the globe. English is the major source for communicating all over the world. In different cultures mostly people speak their native language but use English as an alternate. This paper explains the lexical borrowing that means the explanation about some words from Urdu that has turned out to be part of the English language in newspapers of Pakistan. In this regard, the most circulated and popular English Newspapers of Pakistan, The Nation and The News were selected to analyze the words from Urdu being normally used in the English language. One year period from 1st January to 31st December 2019 has been selected for this research. The researchers draw from the categories of hard and soft news, formed by Tuchman in 1973, in the selected newspapers. The basic theme of this study is that finding the Urdu words that have become part of English language in Pakistani circumstances. This is a study of Urdu borrow words that got their way in English in daily communication and  concludes that there are a variety of Urdu terms that have been used in the English language for communication in English newspapers of Pakistan

Experimental and Numerical Seismic Evaluation of RC Walls Under Axial Compression

Recent studies show that code-based equations usually do not provide an accurate estimate for the shear strength of short reinforced concrete (RC) walls due to the negligence of many important factors including the beneficial effect of axial compression. In the current study, quasi-static reversed cyclic testing is conducted for two RC wall specimens, one under axial load and one without axial load to assess the effect of the axial compression on the shear strength of RC walls in high-rise buildings. The results of the experimental study show that the axial compression load significantly improves the shear strength of RC walls. Results are also compared with the performance-based seismic evaluation code practices. Based on the experimental findings, recommendations are made for improvements in the existing codes. The experimental results are further compared with different numerical models to explore the suitable computer modeling options for non-linear response prediction of RC walls

4-Hy­droxy-2-methyl-1,1-dioxo-2H-1λ6,2- benzothia­zine-3-carb­oxy­lic acid hemihydrate

In the title compound, C10H9NO5S·0.5H2O, two geometrically different organic mol­ecules are present. The benzene rings and the carboxyl­ate groups are oriented at dihedral angles of 13.44 (4) and 21.15 (18)°. In both mol­ecules, an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, both moleucles form inversion dimers linked by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to generate R 2 2(8) loops. The dimers are consolidated into chains extending along [100] by bridging O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds from the water mol­ecule. A weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bond also occurs

2,2′-(4-Methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-di­yl)dibenzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C15H15N5O4S2, the dihedral angles between the central 1,2,4-triazole ring and the pendant benzene rings are 55.61 (10) and 68.59 (10)°; the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 63.66 (9)°. Intra­molecular N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate S(7) and S(12) rings, respectively. In the crystal, sheets extending in the (101) plane arise, with the mol­ecules linked by C—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O inter­actions. A C—H⋯π inter­action further consolidates the structure

Go Together: Bridging the Gap between Learners and Teachers

After the pandemic, humanity has been facing different types of challenges. Social relationships, societal values, and academic and professional behavior have been hit the most. People are shifting their routines to social media and gadgets, and getting addicted to their isolation. This sudden change in their lives has caused an unusual social breakdown and endangered their mental health. In mid-2021, Pakistan's first Human Library was established under HelpingMind to overcome these effects. Despite online sessions and webinars, HelpingMind needs technology to reach the masses. In this work, we customized the UI or UX of a Go Together Mobile Application (GTMA) to meet the requirements of the client organization. A very interesting concept of the book (expert listener or psychologist) and the reader is introduced in GTMA. It offers separate dashboards, separate reviews or rating systems, booking, and venue information to engage the human reader with his or her favorite human book. The loyalty program enables the members to avail discounts through a mobile application and its membership is global where both the human-reader and human-books can register under the platform. The minimum viable product has been approved by our client organization

Efficacy of exogenous application of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) on growth and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)

The growth and yield promotion of mungbean in response to the use of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) was investigated through a pot study which was arranged in the wire house of Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The study was comprised of five treatments and three replications (control, 0.2 ppm 2, 4-D, 0.5 ppm 2, 4-D, 0.8 ppm 2, 4-D, and 1 ppm 2, 4-D). The suggested dose of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) was applied at the amount of 20, 60 and 25 kg ha-1 added as Urea, DAP and SOP, respectively at sowing time. The data regarding growth (plant height, root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, and total biomass), yield (grain weight, number of grains plant-1) and NPK analysis in plants and soil was recorded and statistically analyzed. The response of exogenous application of 2, 4-D was significant at all levels in improving the performance of all the growth parameters and yield as compared to untreated control treatment. Maximum performance of all the parameters was recorded at 0.8 ppm application of 2, 4-D. As the concentration of 2, 4-D increased the development of plants also showed positive effect but up to 0.8 ppm application after that it started to decrease which showed that at higher concentrations 2, 4-D acts as growth retardant

2,6-Dibromo-4-chloro­aniline

The title compound, C6H4Br2ClN, is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.024 Å) and two intra­molecular N—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds generate S(5) rings. In the crystal, N—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains propagating in [010]

Congestion avoidance in wireless sensor network using software defined network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a core component of multiple smart city applications. Utilizing the same WSN for multiple applications helps reduce cost. However, satisfying quality of service requirements of these independent applications is very challenging. For instance, uncoordinated path selection for data dissemination may result in the formation of queues in the WSN violating end-to-end delay requirements of several applications. To this end, we propose a software defined network based approach to ensure satisfaction of individual delay constraints while ensuring minimal increase in the average queue length of the WSN. The approach utilizes a logically centralized controller to generate a comprehensive view of the whole network in a scalable manner. We develop several graph theoretic algorithms to reduce the number of nodes and edges in the communication paths and to identify the most suitable communication paths for each application so that end-to-end delays are minimized. The evaluations demonstrate that our approach performs up to 34% better than existing works and up to 14% worst in comparison to the optimal solution for different topologies, network sizes, and end-to-end delay requirements. Moreover, performance of the proposed graph theoretic algorithms is also measured w.r.t. time