An Energy Efficient Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Routing Protocol base on I-Node

Wireless networks are quite important for wireless data transfer, which require an energy source. The wireless devices had limited energy as they operate on battery, which need replacement. This becomes the major bottleneck of wireless sensor devices. The replacement of batteries is quite costly, so the need of hour is to enhance the lifetime of the network. This will utilize the network energy in proper manner which reduce the overall global cost of the network. In this paper, an energy efficient routing is proposed based on I-Node which reduce energy consumption of the network

A Survey of Brain Tumour Segmentation Methods- A Review

Brain tumor segmentation aims to separate the different tumor tissues such as active cells, necrotic core, and edema from normal brain tissues of White Matter (WM), Gray Matter (GM), and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF). MRI based brain tumor segmentation studies are attracting more and more attention in recent years due to non-invasive imaging and good soft tissue contrast of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. With the development of almost two decades, the innovative approaches applying computer-aided techniques for segmenting brain tumo rare becoming more and more mature and coming closer to routine clinical applications. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of MRI-based brain tumor segmentation methods

Practice Elements Delivered by Teachers to Support Children Who Display Challenging Behaviors in Business-as-Usual Early Childhood Settings

Approximately 15-25% of children ages 3 to 5 years in early childhood settings display chronic challenging behaviors that increase their risk for developing an emotional and behavioral disorder. The early onset of emotional and behavioral disorders has long-term negative implications for these children. Therefore, it is vital to address these problems early on. One approach is through teacher-delivered practices (i.e., specific strategies, such as praise) and programs (i.e., manualized interventions that contain a collection of practices) in the classroom. Some practices and programs have shown positive outcomes for children. However, when practices and programs do not outperform business-as-usual group (BAU), it is hard to determine how to improve outcomes for children. One way to enhance programming offered to children is by describing the practices delivered by teachers in BAU early childhood classrooms. BAU is defined as existing practices teachers use without exposure to new programming at the time of the study. Characterizing the practices delivered by teachers in BAU can generate baseline data that can be used to inform quality improvement process in early childhood settings. The present study used data collected to develop and validate the Treatment Integrity Measure for Early Childhood Settings (TIMECS; McLeod et al., 2021) to examine the frequency of practices used, the average dosage of the practices, and how practices clustered together using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The study sample included 91 children aged 3 to 5 years who displayed challenging behaviors along with 54 teachers from urban and suburban early childhood settings. The study found that teachers were using all practices found in TIMECS, but some practices were observed in more observations than others, teachers used practices at varying dosages, and were found to group practices into two groups: classroom management and supportive relationships. These findings help characterize practices teachers use in BAU early childhood classrooms with children who display challenging behaviors. Findings from this study provide baseline data that can be used to inform quality improvement process and help researchers implement practices that build on teacher’s existing knowledge of the practices delivered in the classroom

Ethical Tensions of Library and Information Science Profession: Theoretical Perspective

The present paper focuses on the issue of professional ethics and related problems in the field of Library and Information Science. The study, to begin with, reveals the dichotomy of professional ethics from the general social ethics through visible boundaries and jurisdictions. Further, some most general and universally found issues and reasons of ethical tensions are discussed. The study argues that unawareness about professional ethics, lack of universal patterns of ethics as well as universal mechanism for the implementation and the dilemma of social ethics versus professional ethics are the issues, which result in ethical tensions. Besides these, in certain cases, the individual preference of a library professional to self-interest while ignoring the professional ethics also creates problems. The study suggests that a universal mechanism of prescribing and implementing the professional ethics in the field of Library and Information Science is sturdily required to reduce the amount as well as enormity of ethical tensions in the discipline

Cardiac microdomains in cyclic nucleotide signalling in mouse atrial cardiomyocytes: role of the caveolar compartments and popeye proteins

Transverse axial tubules (TAT) and caveolae are essential structural microdomains in cardiomyocytes that recruit components of various signalling pathways. Of particular interest, β- adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) are localised to these structures and in response to catecholamines elicit compartmentalised cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) signals. Both Popeye domain-containing (POPDC) and Caveolin-3 (CAV3) proteins are localised to these membrane compartments. POPDC1 is a CAV3-interacting protein, and the Popeye domain acts as a highaffinity cAMP binding site. The function of these proteins in atrial myocytes (AMs) remains elusive. This study has investigated whether AMs isolated from CAV3 and POPDC null mutants display an altered TAT structure and aberrant cAMP response. The TAT structure was investigated in AMs isolated from the left and right atria of CAV3-/- and Popdc1-/- mice. In both mutants, the TAT structure of AMs originating from the right atria were stronger affected than from the left. cAMP compartmentation was studied with the help of a transgenic FRET sensor. In response to β2-AR-stimulation, phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 is critical compared to PDE3 for cAMP compartmentation. To understand how changes in TAT structure and cAMP signalling might alter atrial function, sinoatrial pacemaking and atrial conduction were studied in Popdc1-/- and Popdc2-/- isolated atrial tissues. Both mutants demonstrated abnormal pacemaker activity, associated with depressed sinoatrial pacemaking, enhanced ectopy and tachycardia-bradycardia arrhythmias increasing HR lability in response to β-AR stimulation. Additionally, Popdc1-/- displayed slower atrial conduction, increased fibrosis and downregulated connexin-43 expression. Along with the altered fast sodium current and the elevated late sodium current, these facilitated the development of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Popdc1-/- mutants. These data suggest that Cav3-/- and Popdc1-/- mutants are associated with structural changes resulting in aberrant cAMP compartmentation, which may result in an increased risk of developing atrial arrhythmogenesis.Open Acces

Revisiting the Concept of Adaptive Familial Roles and Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOA): Forty Years Later

The term adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs) refers to adults who have grown up in a home with at least one alcoholic parent. ACOAs have often been studied as a homogenous group without examining type of family dysfunction. The present study investigated the relation between demographics, personality, and parenting measures and Wegscheiders (1981) ACOA adaptive familial roles of Hero (responsible overachiever), Mascot (family clown), Scapegoat (rebellious/disruptive behaviours), and Lost Child (withdrawn/isolated). Data were collected from 327 participants (M age = 35.3 years) who self-identified and were grouped as ACOA, Abused, ACOA+Abused, or Control. Generally, the ACOA group was similar to the Control group in terms of family roles and measures of personality and parenting but differed from both the Abused and the ACOA+Abused groups, with the exception of the Lost Child role. Higher scores were found for the positive Hero and Mascot roles in the Control and ACOA groups compared to the Abused and ACOA+Abused groups. Conversely, higher scores for the negative Scapegoat role were found among the Abused and ACOA+Abused groups compared to the Control and ACOA groups. There was a strong influence of personality related to the adoption of family roles whereas the influence of parenting was small in comparison. Individuals from the family type groups were more likely to adopt the Lost Child role compared to the Control group but the influence of family type group was negligible for the other family roles. The significance of this studys findings and clinical relevance are discussed

Intra-cervical foley’s catheter or PGE2 gel for induction of labour: which one is better: a prospective study

Background: Labour is clinically defined as the initiation and perpetuation of uterine contraction with goal of producing progressive cervical effacement and dilatation. The Foley’s catheter is an effective alternative to prostaglandins for cervical ripening/labour induction. Study was done to compare the efficacy of intracervical Foley’s catheter and PGE2 gel as a cervical ripening agent and to study maternal and fetal outcome in terms of mode of delivery and Apgar score.Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department, Government Medical College, Patiala. 200 women with indication for induction of labour were enrolled in the study to investigate the efficacy and fetomaternal outcome of induction of labour with intracervical Foley’s catheter comparing with PGE2 gel.Results: The mean age in group A was 24.41±3.37 and in group B was 24.24±3.17 years. The 95% women were induced successfully in group A and 97% were successfully induced in group B. Preeclampsia and postdatism were the most common indications for induction in both groups. The mean induction delivery interval in group A was 15.20±4.53 hours and in group B was 15.86±4.79 hours. 4.21% cases required NICU admission in group A while in group B, it was 5.15% cases.Conclusions: Our study concludes that there is no difference in efficacy between intracervical Foley’s catheter and intracervical PGE2 gel for induction of labour and both methods are complementary to each other

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Affects in Retinal Cell Gene Expression

poster abstractAlcohol exposure during fetal development has many adverse effects, producing birth defects known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Retinal development is consistently affected by ethanol exposure in human patients. Zebrafish are an excellent model to study FASD, due to their similar developmental pathways to humans. Previous studies show that ethanol exposure caused retinal cell differentiation defects leading to photoreceptor defects similar to those seen in human FASD patients. This research aims to understand the gene expression changes that occur in retinal cells due to ethanol exposure. Zebrafish embryos exposed to ethanol [100, 150 mM], from 2-24 hours post-fertilization (hpf), were grown in regular medium until 72 hpf. Eyes from ethanol treated and control zebrafish embryos were dissected and total RNA was isolated. The RNA was then purified and reverse transcribed into cDNA. Quantitative PCR was then used to analyze the cDNA using gene specific primers to determine relative expression levels of various genes present in the retinal developmental pathway. We examined specific signaling pathways including, Wnt, Notch, pro-neural gene targets, and other specific markers expressed by retinal precursor cell populations that comprise the differentiation pathways. This research provides insight into gene expression changes during retinal development that affects specific cell types after alcohol exposure. Our goal is to understand the genesis of FASD birth defects caused by ethanol exposure, and this research will possibly identify ethanol targets and therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse the damage

Review of Energy Efficient Techniques of IoT

The network across which the information is sensed by the sensor devices and then forwarded to the sink is known as Internet of Things (IoT). Even though this system is deployed in several applications, there are certain issues faced in it due to its dynamic nature. The internet of things is derived from the wireless sensor networks. The sensor nodes which are deployed to sense environmental conditions are very small in size and also deployed on the far places due to which energy consumption is the major issue of internet of things. This research work related to reduce energy consumption of the network so that lifetime can be improved. In the existing system the approach of multilevel clustering is used for the data aggregation to base station. In the approach of multilevel clustering, the whole network is divided into clusters and cluster heads are selected in each cluster. The energy efficient techniques of internet of things are reviewed and analyzed in terms of certain parameters

Investigating the interplay of epistemological and positional framing during collaborative uncertainty management

Background: Dealing with uncertainties is inherent in the engineering design process and often poses challenges for young learners. This necessitates providing learners with adequate support to navigate their uncertainties effectively. However, achieving this requires a deeper understanding of the factors influencing learners’ uncertainty management processes. Method: In this paper, we analyze learners’ framing of uncertain situations in collaborative engineering design tasks. Using the case study method, we explore two framing dimensions—epistemological and positional—to understand their impact on collaborative uncertainty management processes. Specifically, we examine how learners’ framing dynamically shifts during uncertainty management activities by analyzing two contrasting cases from a sixth-grade classroom where groups tackled an engineering design problem, employing interaction analysis. Findings: Learners’ epistemological and positional framings are intertwined, collectively influencing their own and their team members’ uncertainty management actions. Additionally, contextual factors such as mentor intervention, early success, affect induced by prolonged failure, and time constraints can prompt shifts in learners’ framing, both in productive and unproductive manners. Contribution: The paper provides nuanced insights into how learners’ evolving epistemological orientations and positioning influence uncertainty management, offering practical insights into supporting learners’ uncertainty management processes in problem-solving contexts such as engineering design.</p