Deterministic scheduling for energy efficient and reliable communication in heterogeneous sensing environments in industrial wireless sensor networks

The present-day industries incorporate many applications, and complex processes, hence, a large number of sensors with dissimilar process deadlines and sensor update frequencies will be in place. This paper presents a scheduling algorithm, which takes into account the varying deadlines of the sensors connected to the cluster-head, and formulates a static schedule for Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) based communication. The scheme uses IEEE802.15.4e superframe as a baseline and proposes a new superframe structure. For evaluation purposes the update frequencies of different industrial processes are considered. The scheduling algorithm is evaluated under varying network loads by increasing the number of nodes affiliated to a cluster-head. The static schedule generated by the scheduling algorithm offers reduced energy consumption, improved reliability, efficient network load management and improved information to control bits ratio

Conservation Laws and Travelling Wave Solutions for a Negative-Order KdV-CBS Equation in 3+1 Dimensions

In this paper, we study a new negative-order KdV-CBS equation in (3 + 1) dimensions which is a combination of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff (CBS) equation. Firstly, we determine the Lie point symmetries of the equation and conservation laws by using the multiplier method. The conservation laws will be used to obtain a triple reduction to a second order ordinary differential equation (ODE), which lead to line travelling waves and soliton solutions. Such solitons are obtained via the modified form of simple equation method and are displayed through three-dimensional plots at specific parameter values to lend physical meaning to nonlinear phenomena. It illustrates that these solutions might be extremely beneficial in understanding physical phenomena in a variety of applied mathematics areas

Ranging with Synthetic Aperture RADAR

RADAR is an acoustic mechanism for the identification and place, reflecting the message, of destination items such as planes, vessels, satellites, cars, individuals and nature. The radio waves are used for the electromagnetic measurement of the perspective, variety or speed of items. Before and during the Second World War, RADAR was created in numerous countries. The RADAR system uses many specific aspects of electrical engineering technology such as image handling, data processing, waveform structure, electromagnetic dispersion, tracking, data parameter estimation, information collection, antennas, propagation stations, and receivers. Only 110 years earlier the first radar was invented. In the meantime, there were countless apps and scheme ideas were used for the accessible techniques. Speed control, aerial traffic control, synthetic opening radar, aerial and space missions, militaries and remote sensing are the typical apps. Medical radar research is well underway in the identification of breast cancer and in the localization of tumors. Automotive radar is now generated in millions per year to save and autonomous driving. The modern radar scheme ideas will almost encounter a revolution in the next few years. Although the radar systems have progressed considerably, they have not developed over the past 20 years, like communication or other techniques. In a few years, certain fresh techniques will enter the radar structure and revolutionize ideas of the radar scheme. New radar characteristics and methods to signal processing are then possible. 2 | P a g e Si

A critical analysis of research potential, challenges and future directives in industrial wireless sensor networks

In recent years, Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs) have emerged as an important research theme with applications spanning a wide range of industries including automation, monitoring, process control, feedback systems and automotive. Wide scope of IWSNs applications ranging from small production units, large oil and gas industries to nuclear fission control, enables a fast-paced research in this field. Though IWSNs offer advantages of low cost, flexibility, scalability, self-healing, easy deployment and reformation, yet they pose certain limitations on available potential and introduce challenges on multiple fronts due to their susceptibility to highly complex and uncertain industrial environments. In this paper a detailed discussion on design objectives, challenges and solutions, for IWSNs, are presented. A careful evaluation of industrial systems, deadlines and possible hazards in industrial atmosphere are discussed. The paper also presents a thorough review of the existing standards and industrial protocols and gives a critical evaluation of potential of these standards and protocols along with a detailed discussion on available hardware platforms, specific industrial energy harvesting techniques and their capabilities. The paper lists main service providers for IWSNs solutions and gives insight of future trends and research gaps in the field of IWSNs

Software-Defined Approach for Communication in Autonomous Transportation Systems

Autonomous driving technology offers a promising solution to reduce road accidents, traffic congestion, and fuel consumption. The management of vehicular networks is challenging as it demands mobility, location awareness, high reliability and low latency of data traffic. In this paper, we propose a novel communication architecture for vehicular network with 5G Mobile Networks and SDN technologies to support multiple core networks for autonomous vehicles and to tackle the potential challenges raised by the autonomous driving vehicles. Data requirements are evaluated for vehicular networks with respect to number of lanes and cluster size, to efficiently use the frequency and bandwidth. Also, the network latency requirements are analysed, which are mandatory constraints for all the applications where real time end-to-end communication is necessary. A test environment is also formulated to evaluate improvement in vehicular network using SDN-based approach over traditional core networks

To identify the features differentiating peritoneal tuberculosis from carcinomatosis on CT scan abdomen taking omental biopsy as a gold standard

OBJECTIVE: To differentiate peritoneal tuberculosis from carcinomatosis on computed tomography scan of abdomen, taking omental biopsy as the gold standard.. METHODS: This retrospective diagnostic accuracy review of cases was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised patient\u27s medical record files from February 2007 to February 2016. Computed tomography scan findings were compared with diagnosis made on the basis of histopathology. Multiple logistics regression analysis was done and sensitivity and specificity were tested through Pearson chi square test. RESULTS: Of the 98 patients identified, 62(63.2%)were found to be cases of disseminated tuberculosis and 36(36.7%) were diagnosed as malignant on histopathology. Computed tomography features were significantly specific to differentiate abdominal tuberculosis from carcinomatosis (p=0.004). On computed tomography,4 findings showed statistical significance: Smooth thickening of the peritoneum (p\u3c0.001), abdominal mass (p=0.03), lymph node necrosis (p=0.024) and high-density ascitic fluid (p\u3c0.001). Out of these, smooth thickening of the peritoneum (sensitivity=77%; specificity=86.1%) and high-density ascitic fluid (sensitivity=68.9%; specificity=72.2%) were more specific findings. Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography was found to be 88.5% and 83.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although no single finding on a computed tomography scan was diagnostic proof of peritoneal tuberculosis, a combination of findings could reliably distinguish between peritoneal tuberculosis and carcinomatosis

A novel MAC proposal for critical and emergency communications in industrial wireless sensor networks

In this paper, three MAC protocols, EE-MAC, CF-MAC and OD-MAC, are proposed. EE-MAC incorporates emergency communication and allows immediate channel access for emergency traffic. CF-MAC compensates regulatory and open-loop control traffic and introduces a prioritized access for high priority nodes. It also allows nodes with critical data to reserve communication slots using control channel. Whereas OD-MAC presents a deadline based dynamic scheduler which ensures timely delivery of time-critical information. The paper presents mathematical modelling of the proposed protocols. For evaluation purposes, the performance of the proposed protocols is compared to IEEE 802.15.4e LLDN. The results show that the proposed protocols offer up to 92% reduction in delay in emergency communications at the cost of 5% to 15% increase in delay of time-insensitive data. A 60% and 85% reduction was observed in the channel access delay for regulatory and open-loop control traffic respectively along with notable improvements in communications reliability

Association of Clinicopathological features of Cholecystitis with Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Gall bladders

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been associated with gastritis, but its presence in other parts of the gastrointestinal system has not been studied much. Few previous studies have identified “H. pylori” in gallbladder and found its association in causing cholecystitis and gallstones, but there is limited data showing a significant association in Pakistan. This study was designed to identify H. pylori microorganism in cholecystitis patients and find its association with the morphological changes seen in the affected gall bladders. Material and Methods: All patients with acute and chronic cholecystitis admitted in Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital (ANTH) between the ages of 18 and 80 years from January 2017 till March 2019, who underwent cholecystectomy, were included in the study. Gall bladder specimens were sent to Pathology department, ANTH after surgery and were analyzed for the presence of H pylori bacteria using Hematoxylin and Eosin and Giemsa staining. Signs of inflammation, hyperplasia, metaplasia, mucosal atrophy or erosion, lymphoid infiltration, fibrosis, cholesterolosis or any other morphological changes were also noted. Association of H. pylori with cholecystitis and other morphological changes were assessed by Chi Square analysis. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Chronic cholecystitis was present in 91% cases and acute cholecystitis in 9%. Other histological findings were Hyperplasia (10%), Metaplasia (15%), Fibrosis (79%), Cholesterolosis (19%) and ulcerations (36%). H pylori was found in 17% of gall bladders and all the cases were of chronic cholecystitis, with 11.7% males and 88% females. Gallstones were present in 76.4% cases and were more common in 41-60 years’ age group (64.7%). Other histological findings seen in H. pylori positive cases were; Hyperplasia in 11.7% cases, Metaplasia in 17.6%, Fibrosis in 94.1%, cholesterolosis in 23.5% and ulcerations in 17.6% cases. Association of H. pylori with gender, cholecystitis, gall stones, histological features and age distribution was non-significant.Conclusion: Although H. pylori infection has been found in cases of chronic cholecystitis and gall stone formation, its association with cholecystitis and other morphological changes could not be proved. Hence, it is uncertain whether H. pylori eradication in patients with gastritis can prevent cholecystitis or gall stones formation

Neural Signaling and Communication

To understand the complex nature of the human brain, network science approaches have played an important role. Neural signaling and communication form the basis for studying the dynamics of brain activity and functions. The neuroscientific community is interested in the network architecture of the human brain its simulation and for prediction of emergent network states. In this chapter we focus on how neurosignaling and communication is playing its part in medical psychology, furthermore, we have also reviewed how the interaction of network topology and dynamic models of a brain network

Outcome of radiologically placed tunneled haemodialysis catheters

Objective: To study the outcome of radiologically placed double lumen tunneled haemodialysis catheters for the management of renal failure.STUDY Design: Case series.PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Interventional Suite of Radiology Department at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from April 2010 to June 2011.METHODOLOGY: All consecutive patients who were referred to the department of radiology by the nephrologists for double lumen tunneled haemodialysis catheter (Permacath) placement during the study period were included. Patients with septicemia, those for whom follow-up was not available, those coming for catheter exchange or who died due to a noncatheter related condition were excluded. A radio-opaque, soft silicone double lumen catheter was inserted through a subcutaneous tunnel created over the anterior chest wall. The catheter tip was placed in the right atrium via the internal jugular vein. Ultrasound guidance was used for initial venous puncture. The rest of the procedure was carried out under fluoroscopic guidance. Technical success, catheter related bacteremia rates, adequacy of dialysis, patency, and adverse events were analyzed.Results: Overall 88 tunneled haemodialysis catheters were placed in 87 patients. Patients were followed-up for duration of 1 - 307 days with mean follow-up period of 4 months. Immediate technical success was 100%. The procedural complication rate was 5.6% (5 catheters). Eight patients died during the study period, seven from causes unrelated to the procedure. One patient died due to septicemia secondary to catheter related infection. Of the remaining 69 patients, 50 (72.4%) predominantly had uneventful course during the study period. Twelve patients developed infection (17.3%); two were successfully treated conservatively while in 10 patients catheter had to be removed. Seven catheters (10.1%) failed due to mechanical problems. In 3 patients the internal jugular veins got partially thrombosed. One catheter was accidentally damaged in the ward and had to be removed.CONCLUSION: Radiological guided tunneled haemodialysis catheter placements are a safe and reasonable means of providing temporary vascular access for haemodialysis patients