Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Fueled with Yang (Dipterocarpus alatus) Oil

The objective of this study was to determine the performance and emission of diesel engine using Yang (Dipterocarpus alatus) oil compared with conventional diesel fuel. This test was conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine at 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, and 2400 rpm, then measured and recorded the values. The experimental results showed that torque, brake power and brake thermal efficiency of the engine using Yang oil showed average increased by 5.22%, 5.38% and 4.27%, respectively and brake specific fuel consumption of the engine using Yang oil showed an average decreased by 6.27% compared with those from diesel. The exhaust gas emission of engine using Yang oil were higher than diesel; CO, CO2 and NOx emissions increased slightly by 0.3% Vol., 2.02% Vol. and 18.80 ppm, respectively

Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Fueled with Yang (Dipterocarpus alatus) Oil

846-849The objective of this study was to determine the performance and emission of diesel engine using Yang (Dipterocarpus alatus) oil compared with conventional diesel fuel. This test was conducted on a single-cylinder diesel engine at 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, and 2400 rpm, then measured and recorded the values. The experimental results showed that torque, brake power and brake thermal efficiency of the engine using Yang oil showed average increased by 5.22%, 5.38% and 4.27%, respectively and brake specific fuel consumption of the engine using Yang oil showed an average decreased by 6.27% compared with those from diesel. The exhaust gas emission of engine using Yang oil were higher than diesel; CO, CO2 and NOx emissions increased slightly by 0.3% Vol., 2.02% Vol. and 18.80 ppm, respectively

An implementation of aluminum as a heat absorber in double slope solar still

Abstract The distilled water productivity of the effect of size of the heat absorber from aluminum on the efficiency of double slope solar still. Aluminum was chosen to use as heat absorber and was put on the water surface in the second layer of the solar still. The size of aluminum used in the experiment has divided 9 sizes from 10% to 90% of the surface of the water in the second layer of the solar still. The condensed temperature water and efficiency of solar still were measured and calculated in the experiment. The result was showed that 10% of using the size in aluminum absorber has the maximum volume of condensed water is 1.6 liters / day and the efficiency is 26.34%. While the minimum efficiency is 17.29% with 90% of aluminum absorber sizing. The result was also revealed that the efficiency of solar still was decreased according to the increasing of the size at aluminum absorber

Investigation of molten salts incorporated with anodic aluminum oxide as thermal energy storage fluid on heat transfer efficiency

The aim of this research is to investigate mass and heat transfer of anodic aluminum oxide in packed-bed thermocline vessel with molten salt system (5% Lithium, 20% sodium, 50% potassium and 25% calcium). According to the computational fluid dynamic simulation, the ceramic ball that is packed inside the vessel does not have a significant impact on the mass transfer of anodic aluminum oxide in the molten salt system. Heat storage performance testing was conducted in a thermocline vessel (packed-bed zone 0.7 m in length and 0.3 m diameter) and molten salt flow rate between the ranges of 0.5–0.7 m3/h. Two different molten salt systems were studied including a normal molten salt system and a molten salt system with 0.5 wt% anodic aluminum oxide. An increase in molten salt flow rate have a positive impact on heat transfer inside the vessel due to the increase in turbulence of the flow. A decrease in charging time from 3.75 h to 3.5 h was observed for molten salt with 0.5 wt% anodic aluminum oxide. A seven-cycle charge/discharge test revealed that addition of 0.5 wt% anodic aluminum oxide resulted in a smaller reduction in heat transfer efficiency and actual energy storage. Heat storage decreased from 20.42 to 19.54 MJ corresponding heat transfer efficiency of only 87 to 85% for molten salt system consisting of anodic aluminum oxide

The Analysis of Potentials and Readiness of Cultural Resources for Designing Tourism Routes of the BangKhen Canel, Bangkok, Thailand

The objectives of this research were to (1) to study ‘tangible’ and ‘intangible’ cultural tourism resources at Bangkhen Cable (2) to assess the potentials and readiness of cultural tourism resources along BangKhen Canal (3) to develop tourist routes along the BangKhen Canal. The informants were composed of four groups: 30 community leaders and community members, 9 monks, 12 NGOs and 1 government executive. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, small group discussions, and secondary data analysis. Qualitative analysis proceeded by categorizing, summarizing and encoding the data before analyzing the content. The empirical results illustrated that: 1) there were 2 types of cultural tourist recourses along BangKhen Canal, firstly tangible cultural tourist resources; 9 temples, 10 rowboats, 20 living tools, 3 ancient houses, 17 crafts while non- tangible cultural tourist resources were 12 local food menus, 3 local believes and 3 Local traditions. In terms of assessing tangible cultural tourist resources regarding identities, completeness, charming and originality; the results illustrated that: 3 are highly identities (2 orchards, music house, 4 temples), 2 are highly completeness (1 temples, living tools), 4 are highly chamming resources (4 temples, 2 orchards, music house, rowboats) and 3 are highly original (6 temples, 2 orchards and rowboats). In terms of assessing the value of non-tangible cultural tourist resources, the study found that 3 are highly identities (Local traditions, local food menus, local believes), 2 are completeness (Local traditions, local food menus) , 3 are chamming resources (Local traditions, local food menus, local believes),  and 3 are original (Local traditions, local food menus, local believes).Moreover, in terms of assessing readiness, 3 categories were used to evaluate; Accessibility Accommodation and Activity. In terms of tangible cultural tourist resources only 3 have a highly accessibility, none has a highly accommodation, and only temples have highly activities. While non-tangible cultural tourist resources only 1 that is local tradition has a highly score in terms of activity. Moreover, BangKhen Canal cultural tourism can be arranged as a one-day trip, 5 tourist routes can be to offer to tourists.  Tourists can appreciate the nature, temples, boats, earliest house, believes, orchards, local Thai music school, traditional culture and tasting local food. In summary, BangKhen Canal cultural tourism is an important tool that people of the BangKhen Canal use to develop and rehabilitate the BangKhen canal as well as development of social and economic aspects in the community. BangKhen Canal cultural tourism can develop into prototype for rehabilitation canals of other communities, especially urban communities

High throughput biodiesel production from waste cooking oil over metal oxide binded with Fe2O3

This research investigated the effects of magnetic metal oxide catalysts and operating parameters on the transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel in a continuous reaction setup. Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) was incorporated in alkaline oxide to provide magnetic characteristics, instead of using filters to capture catalysts within the heating zone. Biodiesel production was conducted in a packed glass tubular reactor under ultrasonication in a water bath. The reaction parameters included reaction temperature, amount of catalyst, residence time, and ultrasonic power. Three different catalysts were studied, including calcium oxide on Fe2O3, zinc oxide on Fe2O3, and magnesium oxide on Fe2O3. The results revealed that the biodiesel yield increased with increasing reaction temperature, amount of catalyst, residence time, and ultrasonic power. The optimized biodiesel yield of 94.3% was produced over calcium on Fe2O3 at 65 °C, the methanol-to-oil ratio of 11:1, the residence time of 6.2 min, and the ultrasonic power of 185 W. An increase of reaction temperature to 75 °C resulted in a decline in biodiesel yield to 91.3% due to methanol evaporation at higher temperatures. The catalytic stability was also tested at 60 °C, 6 wt% catalyst, and 185 W ultrasonic power. It was revealed that calcium oxide on Fe2O3 catalyst demonstrated superior catalytic stability with a biodiesel yield decrease of only 10% after 34 days on stream. This suggested the magnetic feature of the catalyst helped prevent leakage of the catalyst from the system. Moreover, the quality of biodiesel met the ASTM D6751 standard for transportation fuel

Watermelon Sorting Process by Frequency Identification and Artificial Neural Network

This research aims to enhance the watermelon’s quality selection process, which was traditionally conducted by knocking the watermelon fruit and sort out by the sound’s character. The proposed method in this research is generating the sound spectrum through the watermelon and then analyzes the response signal’s frequency and the amplitude by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Then the obtained data were used to train and verify the neural network processor. The result shows that, the frequencies of 129 and 172 Hz were suit to be used in the comparison. Thirty watermelons, which were randomly selected from the orchard, were used to create a data set, and then were cut to manually check and match to the fruits’ quality. The 129 Hz frequency gave the response ranging from 13.57 and above in 3 groups of watermelons quality, including, not fully ripened, fully ripened, and close to rotten watermelons. When the 172 Hz gave the response between 11.11–12.72 in not fully ripened watermelons and those of 13.00 or more in the group of close to rotten and hollow watermelons. The response was then used as a training condition for the artificial neural network processor of the sorting machine prototype. The verification results provided a reasonable prediction of the ripeness level of watermelon and can be used as a pilot prototype to improve the efficiency of the tools to obtain a modern-watermelon quality selection tool, which could enhance the competitiveness of the local farmers on the product quality control