人総研シンポジウム抄録 : 福島原発事故12年の経験から学ぶ -当時小学生だった若者達との対話から(第2回)-

departmental bulletin pape

The Pathways Linking to Sleep Habits among Children and Adolescents: A Complete Survey at Setagaya-ku, Tokyo

It has been noted that Japanese children sleep the least in the world, and this has become a major social issue. This study examined the pathways linked to sleep habits (SH) among children and adolescents. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in March 2019 on children and their parents at all 63 public elementary and 29 public junior high schools in Setagaya-ku, Tokyo. For the analysis, 22,385 pairs of children–parent responses (valid response rate: 68.8%) with no missing data were used. This survey collected data on SH, physical activity (PA), screen time (ST) for the child, and lifestyle and neighborhood social capital (NSC) for the parents. Moreover, the pathways linking ‘NSC’ → ‘parental lifestyle’ → ‘child’s PA/ST’ →‘child’s SH’ were examined through structural equation modeling. The results indicated that children’s SH were affected by their PA and ST and influenced by the lifestyle of their parents and the NSC that surrounds them. Thus, we concluded that it is necessary to provide direct interventions and take additional measures with regard to parent lifestyle and their NSC to solve persistent sleep problems in children

Resistance-Associated NS5A Variants of Hepatitis C Virus Are Susceptible to Interferon-Based Therapy.

The presence of resistance-associated variants (RAVs) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) attenuates the efficacy of direct acting antivirals (DAAs). The objective of this study was to characterize the susceptibility of RAVs to interferon-based therapy.Direct and deep sequencing were performed to detect Y93H RAV in the NS5A region. Twenty nine genotype 1b patients with detectable RAV at baseline were treated by a combination of simeprevir, pegylated interferon and ribavirin. The longitudinal changes in the proportion of Y93H RAV during therapy and at breakthrough or relapse were determined.By direct sequencing, Y93H RAV became undetectable or decreased in proportion at an early time point during therapy (within 7 days) in 57% of patients with both the Y93H variant and wild type virus at baseline when HCV RNA was still detectable. By deep sequencing, the proportion of Y93H RAV against Y93 wild type was 52.7% (5.8%- 97.4%) at baseline which significantly decreased to 29.7% (0.16%- 98.3%) within 7 days of initiation of treatment (p = 0.023). The proportion of Y93H RAV was reduced in 21 of 29 cases (72.4%) and a marked reduction of more than 10% was observed in 14 cases (48.7%). HCV RNA reduction was significantly greater for Y93H RAV (-3.65±1.3 logIU/mL/day) than the Y93 wild type (-3.35±1.0 logIU/mL/day) (p<0.001).Y93H RAV is more susceptible to interferon-based therapy than the Y93 wild type

HBV preS deletion mapping using deep sequencing demonstrates a unique association with viral markers.

AimDeletions are observed frequently in the preS1/S2 region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome, in association with liver disease advancement. However, the most significant preS1/S2 region and its influences on viral markers are unclear.MethodsThe preS1/S2 HBV regions of 90 patients without antiviral therapy were subjected to deep sequencing and deleted regions influencing viral markers were investigated.ResultsFrom the deletion frequency analysis in each patient, deletions were observed most frequently in the preS2 codon 132-141 region. When the patients were divided into three groups (0-0.1%: n = 27, 0.1%-10%: n = 34, 10-100%: n = 29), based on the deletion frequency, FIB-4 (p ConclusionThe preS codon.132-141 deletions have a significant influence on the clinical characteristics and viral markers, even when present as a minor population. Importantly, the preS codon 132-141 deletions have a clear influence on the viral life cycle and pathogenesis

HCV RNA reduction of Y93H RAV versus the Y93 wild type during SMV/PR therapy.

<p>Reduction of HCV RNA from baseline to an early time point during SMV/PR therapy was determined for Y93H RAV and the Y93 wild type. Within 7 days of the initiation of therapy, HCV RNA reduction was significantly greater for Y93H RAV (-3.7 ± 1.3 logIU/mL/day) than the Y93 wild type (-3.4 ± 1.0 logIU/mL/day) (p<0.001).</p

Detection of Y93H RAV by direct sequencing at baseline and during SMV/PR therapy.

<p>BT, breakthrough;</p><p>SVR, sustained virological response</p><p>*within 7 days of the initiation of treatment, when HCV RNA was still detectable,</p><p>**at least 3 months after the end of treatment</p><p>Detection of Y93H RAV by direct sequencing at baseline and during SMV/PR therapy.</p

Changes in the proportion of Y93H RAV in 4cases with breakthrough or relapse.

<p>Deep sequencing was performed in 4 patients with relapse (a) or breakthrough (b, c, d) to quantify the proportion of Y93H RAV against the Y93 wild type. In two cases, PR therapy was continued up to 24 wks after stopping SMV (b and c). The proportion of Y93H RAV decreased during SMV/PR therapy and at the time of breakthrough/relapse compared to baseline but recovered to the baseline level at follow up. PR therapy; pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy, SMV/PR therapy; Simeprevir plus pegylated interferon / ribavirin therapy</p

Changes in the proportion of Y93H RAV within each individual.

<p>The proportion of Y93H RAV over the Y93 wild type within each patient was determined by deep sequencing at baseline and at an early time point during SMV/PR therapy (within 7 days). The mean proportion of Y93H RAV was 52.7% at baseline and 29.7% during therapy (p = 0.023). The proportion of Y93H was reduced in 21 of 29 cases (72.4%, solid lines). In contrast, Y93H percentages increased in 8 cases (27.6%, broken lines).</p