The Role of the County Professional Council in Advanced Training and Professional Development of Class Teachers

Stručno usvršavanje je obvezan dio učiteljskog posla koji se provodi na četiri osnovne razine: individualnoj, školskoj, županijskoj i državnoj. Brojne su prednosti i nedostaci svakog oblika usavršavanja, a svi su oni na putu profesionalnog razvoja učitelja jednako važni i korisni. U radu je prikazan model stručnog usvršavanja učitelja na županijskoj razini (Županijsko stručno vijeće učitelja razredne nastave – Grad Sisak) pri čemu veliku ulogu imaju upravo županijski voditelji koji su poveznica između školske i državne razine stručnog usavršavanja učitelja.Advanced training is a mandatory part of teacher’s job and it is being carried out at four basic levels: individual, school, county and state level. There are numerous advantages and disadvantages of any form of training, and they are all equally important and useful in the course of professional development of teachers. This study presents the model of advanced training of class teachers at county level (County professional council of class teachers – the Town of Sisak), where the very county leaders, who are the link between the school and state level of advanced training of teachers, have a great role

Isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes and associated <i>Xenorhabdus</i> or <i>Photorhabdus</i> spp. from soil in Thailand.

<p>Isolation of entomopathogenic nematodes and associated <i>Xenorhabdus</i> or <i>Photorhabdus</i> spp. from soil in Thailand.</p

Geographical distribution of sample collection from 159 sites in Thailand and the distribution of sampling sites that were positive or negative for <i>Steinernema</i> and <i>Heterorhabditis</i>.

<p>Geographical distribution of sample collection from 159 sites in Thailand and the distribution of sampling sites that were positive or negative for <i>Steinernema</i> and <i>Heterorhabditis</i>.</p

Geographical distribution of <i>Xenorhabdus</i> and <i>Photorhabdus</i> spp. isolated in Thailand.

<p>Geographical distribution of <i>Xenorhabdus</i> and <i>Photorhabdus</i> spp. isolated in Thailand.</p

Maximum likelihood tree based on a 646 bp region of <i>recA</i> for 57 <i>Photorhabdus</i> isolates from Thailand (codes ending with TH), together with <i>Photorhabdus</i> sequences downloaded from GenBank (shown in red).

<p><b>Bootstrap values are based on is 1,000 replicates.</b> Numbers shown above branches are bootstrap percentages for clades supported above the 50% level. The bar indicates 1% sequence divergence. The EPN species from which they were isolated are shown.</p

PCR amplification and DNA sequence analysis of the DNA fragment encoding the <i>B</i>. <i>pseudomallei</i> phage tail tubular protein B.

<p>DNA from soil-isolated and MMC-induced temperate phages were used as a template to PCR amplify the fragment of a gene encoding the phage tail tubular protein B. The 325-bp DNA fragment was detected in each case. A negative PCR control (N) and 100-bp DNA marker were included (A). Nucleotide sequences comparison of the phage tail tubular protein B DNA amplified from ΦBp-RE1 and ΦBp-AMP1 is shown (B).</p

Restriction enzyme analyses of <i>B</i>. <i>pseudomallei</i> phages.

<p>Genomic DNA extracted from soil isolated (ΦBp-RE4-5) and MMC-induced (ΦBp-RE1-3) <i>B</i>. <i>pseudomallei</i> phages were digested with restriction enzyme <i>Bst</i>BI (A) or <i>Mlu</i>I (B) and analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Different DNA patterns were observed when digested with the <i>Mlu</i>I restriction enzyme. A 1-kb DNA ladder was included as a DNA marker.</p

Distributions of <i>B</i>. <i>pseudomallei</i> and their phages in soil samples.

<p>The 86 (A) and 15 (B) soil samplings were collected from Roi-Et province in northeastern Thailand during rainy season. Each square represents a 2.5 m x 2.5 m area of the field, in which soil sample was taken at a depth of 30 cm. The presence of <i>B</i>. <i>pseudomallei</i> and phages was assessed in each sample and the results are shown in this Figure.</p

The growth of mitomycin C (MMC)-treated <i>B</i>. <i>pseudomallei</i> cultures and Transmission Electron Microscopy assessment of the induced phages.

<p>Growth of different strains following MMC induction. The MMC-treated cultures show a decline in optical density (OD_600nm) after addition of MMC that is not observed in the untreated culture (A). Soil-isolated (B) and MMC-induced temperate (C) phages have similar icosahedral heads with short, non-contractile tails, which are characteristic of phages in the <i>Podoviridae</i> family.</p