Towards a Material Oriented Approach in Economics(part1)

The Neo-Classical Economics have regarded objects which have exchange value as goods. In this recognition, it is not necessary to make distinction between material objects and non-material objects or services. However, considering that environmental burdens stem from not enjoyment of services but use of material objects such as energy and matter, I argue that there should be clear distinction between material objects and non-material objects or services in environmental economic theories. In part 1,by reviewing some past masters, I will show there was clear distinction between material and non-material objects in the beginning of this science, describe how the Neo-Classical way of thinking has become dominant, and introduce some works of pioneers those who straggle to make economics stand on material bases, though their efforts had not resulted in success

Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) study of low frequency vibrations of acid K salt of (E)-2-hydroxyimino-2-cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester and its phase situation by DSC method

The acid potassium salt of (E)-2-hydroxyimino-2-cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester (in other words: the acid Ksalt of (E)-2-cyanoethyl ester of 2-oxime or acid Ksalt of 2-oxime, or shortly speaking acid Ksalt-) has been prepared and characterized using inelastic, incoherent neutron scattering (IINS or shortly speaking INS). The last results have been compared with those obtained from optical spectroscopy. Additionally, dimers of the acid Ksalt of 2-oxime were considered i.e. vibrational frequencies of such dimers have been calculated using RB3LYP method [20] with basis set 6-311++G(d, p). In the molecule of the acid Ksalt of 2-oxime, extra bands corresponding to hydrogen bond vibrations (λ – bending of hydrogen bond bridge, σ – stretching of hydrogen bond bridge, γ – bending out of plane of hydrogen bond, ν – stretching –OH, δ – bending in plane of hydrogen bond have been identified, namely λ at ca. 20, σ (N–O–H···O) at 109.7, 132.3, 154.8, 206.8, 248.5, 255.1, 303.9, 339.2, 359.4, 396.6, 428.8, 483.3, 537, 577.8, 782.4, 815.3, 894.7,1108, 1165. 1408.7, γ (N–O–H···O) at 1298, ν at 1583.1 cm-1, δ (N–OH···O) at 1734.4 and at 1847.4 cm-1, in the low temperature IINS spectrum. Formation of the O–H···O hydrogen bridge in the acid Ksalt of 2-oxime in comparison with the same O–H···O hydrogen bridge in pure 2-oxime is reflected in shifting of the bands of the stretching (to lower) and bending vibrations (to higher) of OH group frequencies confirming the fact of increasing of hydrogen bond power in the acid Ksalt of 2-oxime in comparison with hydrogen bond power of pure 2-oxime. Additionally the fact that acid Ksalt melts ca. 50 K higher than 2-oxime and the shorter length of hydrogen in acid Ksalt than in 2-oxime confirm the greater hydrogen bond power in the acid Ksalt than in 2-oxime

Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) study of low frequency vibrations and hydrogen bonding of (E)-benzil monoxime

(E)-benzil monoxime (or (E)-monoxime of 1,2 diphenyloetandion), which is the subject of this paper, belongs to the family of bioactive organic substances. Many of them have been investigated for many years by inelastic, incoherent neutron scattering spectroscopy (IINS) but the investigation of (E)-benzil monoxime is absent from literature. Therefore (E)-benzil monoxime has been investigated using infrared, and IINS spectroscopy. Dimers of (E)-benzil monoxime were considered using B3LYP functional (connection of Becke and Lee–Yang–Parr functionals) combined with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set method of quantum chemistry in order to improve the results obtained for a single molecule. In (E)-benzil monoxime, extra bands corresponding primarily to hydrogen bond vibrations (γ bending out of plane of hydrogen bond at 312.3, 372, 470.5, 578.3, 703.5, 748.7, 780.4 cm–1, σ stretching of hydrogen bond bridge at 124.3, 140.9, 176.5, 190.1, 223.6, 259.1, 290.5, 501.8, 623.5 cm–1, δ bending in plane of hydrogen bond at 1102.4, 1371,1452,1535, 1630.6 cm–1, λ bending of hydrogen bond bridge at ca. 40 cm–1, ν stretching band OH at 3397 cm–1) have been identified. Some of them could be discovered only by using IINS method and this is the main result of this work. Additionally we'd like to compare the structure of the compound and the structure of oximes previously investigated by us . Taking into account the structure and IINS results for three oximes investigated by us, we can estimate the difference of hydrogen bond power in those three oximes. Hence the power of hydrogen bond in the (E)-benzil monoxime seems to be the smallest in the group of the three compounds: (E)-benzil monoxime, (E)-2-hydroxyimino-2-cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester (2-oxime), acid K salt of 2-oxime

Dominican Larimar Mining—Current State and Future Prospects

This paper presents basic mineralogical and petrological data of the rocks hosting larimar deposit from the Sierra de Bahoruco, in the SW part of the Dominican Republic. Larimar is a unique ornamental stone with a wealth of decorative qualities. The Las Filipinas Larimar Mine in Barahona Province is the only place of this type in the world. Its production and distribution require radical action; hence, the paper also provides current information on the extraction of this raw material and prospects for the future. The paper indicates the possibility of using a new adit support system based on a mixed support (arch support and shotcrete). Numerical analysis shows the need to create a shotcrete coating around the entire circumference, about 15 cm thick. The variable geotechnical situation around the excavation, caused by the planned operation, prompts the use of slightly different solutions in the field of support. The article presents an outline of the technology using Polish experience. It is a support-bolt casing system with the latest achievements in this field

Dominican Larimar Mining—Current State and Future Prospects

This paper presents basic mineralogical and petrological data of the rocks hosting larimar deposit from the Sierra de Bahoruco, in the SW part of the Dominican Republic. Larimar is a unique ornamental stone with a wealth of decorative qualities. The Las Filipinas Larimar Mine in Barahona Province is the only place of this type in the world. Its production and distribution require radical action; hence, the paper also provides current information on the extraction of this raw material and prospects for the future. The paper indicates the possibility of using a new adit support system based on a mixed support (arch support and shotcrete). Numerical analysis shows the need to create a shotcrete coating around the entire circumference, about 15 cm thick. The variable geotechnical situation around the excavation, caused by the planned operation, prompts the use of slightly different solutions in the field of support. The article presents an outline of the technology using Polish experience. It is a support-bolt casing system with the latest achievements in this field

Consort diagram.

<p>Consort diagram.</p