NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Comprehensive Strategic Plan for Health Disparities Research

To identify the most appropriate scientific areas to address in this plan, the Institute drew from its existing research portfolio aimed at eliminating health disparities. Reflecting the Institute’s mission, the unifying concept of the plan is development, starting before conception and continuing throughout the lifespan and across generations. The Institute’s long experience investigating the complex biological and environmental interactions that drive developmental processes is invaluable when clarifying the causes of racial, ethnic, and even community-based disparities. By focusing and coordinating research on gestation and the early years of life, including the transitions into and out of adolescence and young adulthood, the NICHD can address not only the development of health disparities, but the critical timing of preventive and therapeutic strategies

Participation in Self-Collection of Maternal and Infant DNA in a Case-Control Study on Clubfoot

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD051804

Obesity (Silver Spring)

K12 HD043441/NICHD NIH HHS/National Institute of Child Health & Human Development/United StatesR24 HD080194/NICHD NIH HHS/National Institute of Child Health & Human Development/United StatesR01 CE002543/NCIPC CDC HHS/National Center for Injury Prevention and Control/United StatesK23 HD061598/NICHD NIH HHS/National Institute of Child Health & Human Development/United StatesR03 HD080984/NICHD NIH HHS/National Institute of Child Health & Human Development/United States2019-08-01T00:00:00Z26813521PMC66698956525vault:3358

Infant Attachment Security and the Timing of Puberty: Testing an Evolutionary Hypothesis

Life-history theories of the early programming of human reproductive strategy stipulate that early rearing experience, including that reflected in infant-parent attachment security, regulates psychological, behavioral, and reproductive development. We tested the hypothesis that infant attachment insecurity, compared with infant attachment security, at the age of 15 months predicts earlier pubertal maturation. Focusing on 373 White females enrolled in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we gathered data from annual physical exams from the ages of 9½ years to 15½ years and from self-reported age of menarche. Results revealed that individuals who had been insecure infants initiated and completed pubertal development earlier and had an earlier age of menarche compared with individuals who had been secure infants, even after accounting for age of menarche in the infants’ mothers. These results support a conditional-adaptational view of individual differences in attachment security and raise questions about the biological mechanisms responsible for the attachment effects we discerned

UD Researchers Receive Nearly $50,000 to Study Stepfamilies

News release announces that University of Dayton researchers have received a $49,571 grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

NICHD workshop on children exposed to violence

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health.Running title: "NICHD workshop on children exposed to violence."Workshop sponsors: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Fogarty International Center (FIC), Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR), Office of Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), National Institute of Justice (NIJ), Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP)."December 2002."Also available via Internet from the NICHD web site

Advantages of Bayesian monitoring methods in deciding whether and when to stop a clinical trial: an example of a neonatal cooling trial.

BackgroundDecisions to stop randomized trials are often based on traditional P value thresholds and are often unconvincing to clinicians. To familiarize clinical investigators with the application and advantages of Bayesian monitoring methods, we illustrate the steps of Bayesian interim analysis using a recent major trial that was stopped based on frequentist analysis of safety and futility.MethodsWe conducted Bayesian reanalysis of a factorial trial in newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy that was designed to investigate whether outcomes would be improved by deeper (32 °C) or longer cooling (120 h), as compared with those achieved by standard whole body cooling (33.5 °C for 72 h). Using prior trial data, we developed neutral and enthusiastic prior probabilities for the effect on predischarge mortality, defined stopping guidelines for a clinically meaningful effect, and derived posterior probabilities for predischarge mortality.ResultsBayesian relative risk estimates for predischarge mortality were closer to 1.0 than were frequentist estimates. Posterior probabilities suggested increased predischarge mortality (relative risk > 1.0) for the three intervention groups; two crossed the Bayesian futility threshold.ConclusionsBayesian analysis incorporating previous trial results and different pre-existing opinions can help interpret accruing data and facilitate informed stopping decisions that are likely to be meaningful and convincing to clinicians, meta-analysts, and guideline developers.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01192776 . Registered on 31 August 2010

Stress Health

Prior studies have shown that parent and adolescent cortisol are associated across days and that this covariation may be adolescent-driven. This study extends this literature by (a) testing whether parents' cognitive interference (i.e., distracting and ruminative thoughts potentially due to worry) mediates the linkages between adolescent and next-day parent cortisol and (b) whether these linkages were moderated by parent gender or warmth. Daily diary data, including bedtime cortisol, were collected on two samples of employees and their adolescent-aged children (N\ua0=\ua0318 dyads, M| \ua0=\ua013.18 years, 74% mothers). We tested mediation with autoregressive cross-lagged models. Moderated mediation by parent gender was found in our bedtime cortisol models. Higher adolescent bedtime cortisol levels were associated with higher next-day levels of mothers' cognitive interference. In turn, higher levels of mothers' cognitive interference were linked to higher mothers' same-day bedtime cortisol levels. These linkages were not significant for fathers. Cognitive interference did not mediate the associations between child and parent area under the curve or cortisol awakening response. No moderation was evident for parental warmth. Results suggest that mothers' cognitions play a key role in the transmission of elevated bedtime cortisol levels from adolescents to their mothers.U01HD051256/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/U01HD051276/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/U01 HD051217/HD/NICHD NIH HHSUnited States/U01 HD051256/HD/NICHD NIH HHSUnited States/U01OH008788/OH/NIOSH CDC HHSUnited States/U01HD051217/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/Alfred P Sloan Foundation/R03 HD 087611/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/U01HD059773/OH/NIOSH CDC HHSUnited States/U01 OH008788/OH/NIOSH CDC HHSUnited States/U01 AG027669/AG/NIA NIH HHSUnited States/William T. Grant Foundation/U01AG027669/AG/NIA NIH HHSUnited States/AF/ACF HHSUnited States/R03 HD087611/HD/NICHD NIH HHSUnited States/U01HD051218/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/U01 HD059773/HD/NICHD NIH HHSUnited States/U01 HD051276/HD/NICHD NIH HHSUnited States/U01 HD051218/HD/NICHD NIH HHSUnited States/U01AG027669/AG/NIA NIH HHSUnited States/AF/ACF HHSUnited States/U01HD059773/OH/NIOSH CDC HHSUnited States/U01OH008788/OH/NIOSH CDC HHSUnited States

Anesthesiology

P51 OD011132/ODCDC CDC HHS/Office of the Director/United StatesR01 HD068388/NICHD NIH HHS/National Institute of Child Health & Human Development/United States2018-01-01T00:00:00Z27749313PMC51592236542vault:3362