Um estudo sobre BPM e o ganho empresarial

O BPM tem se tornado, nos últimos anos, um ponto crucial para as empresas, pois consegue alinhar duas áreas que têm uma enorme dificuldade de relacionar, que é a área de negócio e TI. Além disso, o BPM proporciona a criação de soluções tecnológicas que agregam valor ao negócio e permitem o acompanhamento das constantes mudanças de processos e informações dentro de uma empresa. Com isso, o BPM tornou-se de extrema importância para as organizações, já que suas contribuições agregam mais valor ao negócio e tornam a empresa mais competitiva no mercado. Sob essa ótica, analisamos o histórico do BPM e mostramos suas contribuições para as organizações

Immunohistochemical analysis of retinoblastoma and β-catenin as an assistant tool in the differential diagnosis between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

In about 10-15% of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) there is no clear definitive differential diagnosis between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and the disease is classified as indeterminate colitis. Since pharmacological and surgical treatments differ in CD and UC, establishing a correct diagnosis is critical. The aim of this work was to access the expression profile of proteins involved in colonic inflammation and cancer in samples from CD and UC. For that, colon samples from 24 CD, 21 UC and 10 control patients were processed for immunohistochemistry using anti-phosphorylated RB at Ser(807/811) and anti-β-catenin. Crypts were blinded, analyzed and counted for phosphorylated RB-positive (phospho-RB) cells or scored for positive β-catenin staining. Western blot was used for confirming immuhistochemical results: RB phosphorylation was significantly greater in colon samples from patients with CD compared with UC (p<0.005). In contrast, the expression of β-catenin was significantly increased in UC compared with CD (p<0.005) samples. Phospho-RB and β-catenin are negatively correlated (CC: -0.573; p = 0.001). A positive phospho-RB test yielded high levels of sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and accuracy for the diagnosis of CD against UC. This work indicates that RB phosphorylation and β-catenin nuclear translocation are differently expressed in CD and UC, and provide novel insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of IBD. In particular, rates of phospho-RB-positive cells in mucosal samples emerge as a promising tool for the differential diagnosis of patients with IBD

Diagnostic capability of phospho-RB and β-catenin immunhistochemical tests in differentiating Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis.

<p>All values are presented as percentages. Cut-off values were determined by ROC curves, establishing as positive tests: phospho-RB-positive cells ≥24%; and β-catenin score ≤1.4. The positive endpoint was arbitrarily considered for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value.</p

Scatter-plot showing the correlation between phospho-RB and b-catenin among patients with CD and UC.

<p>ROC curves determined thresholds for establishing positive test values. Phospho-RB is expressed as percentages, while β-catenin is expressed as intensity scores.</p

Phospho-RB and β-catenin staining pattern helps the differential diagnose of IBDU cases.

<p>A. Low phospho-RB ser^807/811and high β-catenin staining in a 50-year old woman patient lately diagnosed with UC (Patient A). B. High phospho-RB ser^807/811and low β-catenin staining in a 28-year old woman lately diagnosed with CD (Patient B). Slides were counterstained with methyl green. Scale bar = 50 µm.</p

β-catenin is overexpressed in colonic samples from UC patients.

<p>A. Colonic biopsies from control (non inflamed), CD and UC patients were stained by immunohistochemistry using anti-β-catenin antibody. Slides were counterstained with methyl green. Scale bar = 50 µm. B. Representative pictures of β-catenin staining scores (0 to 3). C. Graph shows the mean scores of β-catenin expression intensity in control (n = 5), CD (n = 14) and UC (n = 14) samples. *p = 0.019 when compared with β-catenin expression scores in CD samples.</p

Immunofluorescence staining for phosphorylated RB is increased in colon biopsies from CD patients.

<p>A. RB phosphorylation was detected in colon biopsies from control (non inflamed; n = 5), CD (n = 7) and UC patients (n = 6) by immunofluorescence staining using phosphorylated RB Ser^807/811 and phosphorylated RB Thr^821/826 antibodies. Nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Scale bar = 50 µm. B. Histogram showing RB fluorescence staining intensity in Ser^807/811 (white bars) and Thr^821/826 (black bars) residues. *p<0.05 when compared with percentage of phosphorylated RB Ser^807/811-positive cells in UC samples and ^##p<0.01 when compared with percentage of phosphorylated RB Thr^821/826 -positive cells in UC samples.</p

Immunoblotting detection of phospho-Rb and β-catenin in samples from control, CD and UC samples.

<p>A. Representative images of imunnoblots from control (CTL, n = 4), CD (n = 4) and UC (n = 4) samples, detecting β-catenin expression and RB phosphorylation at ser 807/811 residues (phospho-RB ser^807/811). α-tubulin was used as loading control. B. Histogram showing the quantification of RB phosphorylation at Ser^807/811 residues in control (CTL), CD and UC samples by band densitometry. C. Histogram showing the quantification of β-catenin expression in control (CTL), CD and UC samples by band densitometry. ***p = 0.005 when compared with UC.</p

RB phosphorylation is increased in colonic epithelial cells from CD patients.

<p>A. RB phosphorylation was detected in colon biopsies from control (non inflamed), CD and UC patients by immunohistochemistry using phosphorylated RB Ser^807/811antibody. Slides were counterstained with methyl green. Scale bar = 50 µm. Arrowheads point to phosphorylated RB-positive cells. B. Histogram shows the percentage of phosphorylated RB-positive cells in control (n = 5), CD (n = 15) and UC (n = 13) samples. *p<0.0001 when compared with phospho-RB Ser^807/811 staining in control samples. Scale bar = 50 µm.</p