Census-Based Socioeconomic Indicators for Monitoring Injury Causes in the USA: A Review

BACKGROUND: Unlike the UK or New Zealand, there is no standard set of census variables in the USA for characterising socioeconomic (SES, socioeconomic status) inequalities in health outcomes, including injury. We systematically reviewed existing US studies to identify conceptual and methodological strengths and limitations of current approaches to determine those most suitable for research and surveillance. METHODS: We searched seven electronic databases to identify census variables proposed in the peer-reviewed literature to monitor injury risk. Inclusion criteria were that numerator data were derived from hospital, trauma or vital statistics registries and that exposure variables included census SES constructs. RESULTS: From 33 eligible studies, we identified 70 different census constructs for monitoring injury risk. Of these, fewer than half were replicated by other studies or against other causes, making the majority of studies non-comparable. When evaluated for a statistically significant relationship with a cause of injury, 74% of all constructs were predictive of injury risk when assessed in pairwise comparisons, whereas 98% of all constructs were significant when aggregated into composite indices. Fewer than 30% of studies selected SES constructs based on known associations with injury risk. CONCLUSIONS: There is heterogeneity in the conceptual and methodological approaches for using census data for monitoring injury risk as well as in the recommendations as to how these constructs can be used for injury prevention. We recommend four priority areas for research to facilitate a more unified approach towards use of the census for monitoring socioeconomic inequalities in injury risk

Neoliberalism, Communal Learning and Entrepreneurism Their Effect Educational Systems - For Nititham SOC 333

Jon Adams, Adrian Beeler, Nathaniel Connell, Brianna Lindsay Dr. Nititham Sociology of Education: SOC 333 March 28, 2019 Neoliberalism, Communal Learning and Entrepreneurism Their Effect Educational Systems In “Learning to Share: Pedagogy, open learning, and the sharing economy”, Carfagna ( 2018) discusses class conflict, consciousness and consumption through open learning and pedagogic discourse. Carfagna rejects common beliefs held of how an educational experience holds value and how one should be administered. In our poster and presentation, our group will examine some of the main points of Carfagna’s article in the context of neoliberal approaches to education in the sharing economy, how students learn entrepreneurial and communal approaches through non-traditional education, and finally, how pedagogic discourse effects educational settings. We will discuss the scholarship in the field, decisions made in teaching the material, and directions for future research. 10 keywords for the presentation Pedagogy: The method or type of teaching. Curriculum: multiple topics or subjects that are brought together to create an outline for education Sociology of Education: The study of how both macro level factors (such as institutions) and micro level factors (such as individuals in the system) affect education outcomes and effectiveness Neoliberalism: a frame which favors free market and capitalism Communalism: A form of self-segregation where people come together by race, religion, or some other separator for the purpose of education Shared learning: a practice that utilizes free or low cost resources for learning that entail some combination of open-access, peer-driven, share-able, and digitally mediated Sharing Economy: an economic system in which assets or services are shared between private individuals, either free or for a fee, typically by means of the Internet. Entrepreneurism: Frame that encourages individual success through the means of business operations. In the article it is described as a skill which can help a person “accomplish anything” Conflict Theory: Made Famous by Karl Marx, it is the idea that society is in a constant state of conflict as a result of limited resources. This then forces society into two major groups, the property owners (bourgeoisie), and the exploited workers (proletariat) Capitalism: A form of political system which is dependent on the idea of wage and labor. Furthering this point, the country\u27s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state

Phaser.MRage: automated molecular replacement.

Phaser.MRage is a molecular-replacement automation framework that implements a full model-generation workflow and provides several layers of model exploration to the user. It is designed to handle a large number of models and can distribute calculations efficiently onto parallel hardware. In addition, phaser.MRage can identify correct solutions and use this information to accelerate the search. Firstly, it can quickly score all alternative models of a component once a correct solution has been found. Secondly, it can perform extensive analysis of identified solutions to find protein assemblies and can employ assembled models for subsequent searches. Thirdly, it is able to use a priori assembly information (derived from, for example, homologues) to speculatively place and score molecules, thereby customizing the search procedure to a certain class of protein molecule (for example, antibodies) and incorporating additional biological information into molecular replacement

Formation History of HD106906 and the Vertical Warping of Debris Disks by an External Inclined Companion

HD106906 is a planetary system that hosts a wide-orbit companion, as well as an eccentric and flat debris disk, which hold important constraints on its formation and subsequent evolution. The recent observations of the companion constrain its orbit to be eccentric and inclined relative to the plane of the debris disk. Here, we show that, in the presence of the inclined companion, the debris disk quickly ($\lesssim5$ Myr) becomes warped and puffy. This suggests that the current configuration of the system is relatively recent. We explore the possibility that a recent close encounter with a free floating planet could produce a companion with orbital parameters that agree with observations of HD106906b. We find that this scenario is able to recreate the structure of the debris disk while producing a companion in agreement with observation.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

POND SIZE AFFECTS ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF AVIAN SPECIES

Wetlands provide great important ecosystem services and serve as refugia for biodiversity. Birds are bio-indicators of environmental health and utilize the wetland ecosystems. Wetlands and birds face many threats from anthropogenic activities in the forms of degradation and habitat loss. This research aimed at assessing the effects of pond size on avian abundance and diversity in a wetland in Jos south Local Government Area of Plateau state, ten (10) ponds were sampled using point count method. Each pond had two (2) points which were visited twice daily (morning and afternoon) each. A total of three thousand, four hundred and forty-eight (3448) individual birds consisting of 97 species belonging to fifty- one (51) families were recorded. Intra-African migrants such as Didric cuckoo (Chrysococcyx caprius) and yellow-billed kite (Milvus aegyptius) were recorded. Species diversity and abundance were tested against the size of the pond, depth of the pond and vegetation cover on and around the pond to determine the factors that best depicts the diversity and abundance of avian species at the Rennajj fish farm. Pond size was a significant predictor of bird abundance (P< 0.01) and had a slight positive effect on the diversity of avian species which was not statistically significant at (P>0.05). Depth of the pond had no significant effect on both bird abundance and species diversity (p>0.05). Vegetation parameters such as shrubs and saplings had positive effect while vegetation on water and number of trees had negative relationship at (p<0.001) on the abundance of birds, vegetation on the water had a negative relationship at (p<0.001) with the diversity of bird species. Wetland ecosystems should be protected from excessive human activities as they host wealth of biodiversity

Macromolecular X-ray structure determination using weak, single-wavelength anomalous data.

We describe a likelihood-based method for determining the substructure of anomalously scattering atoms in macromolecular crystals that allows successful structure determination by single-wavelength anomalous diffraction (SAD) X-ray analysis with weak anomalous signal. With the use of partial models and electron density maps in searches for anomalously scattering atoms, testing of alternative values of parameters and parallelized automated model-building, this method has the potential to extend the applicability of the SAD method in challenging cases

Automated identification of elemental ions in macromolecular crystal structures.

Many macromolecular model-building and refinement programs can automatically place solvent atoms in electron density at moderate-to-high resolution. This process frequently builds water molecules in place of elemental ions, the identification of which must be performed manually. The solvent-picking algorithms in phenix.refine have been extended to build common ions based on an analysis of the chemical environment as well as physical properties such as occupancy, B factor and anomalous scattering. The method is most effective for heavier elements such as calcium and zinc, for which a majority of sites can be placed with few false positives in a diverse test set of structures. At atomic resolution, it is observed that it can also be possible to identify tightly bound sodium and magnesium ions. A number of challenges that contribute to the difficulty of completely automating the process of structure completion are discussed