Hyperemesis gravidarum and pregnancy outcomes in the Norwegian mother and child cohort – a cohort study

Background Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) characterized by excessive nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy, is reported to be associated with increased risks for low birthweight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and perinatal death. Conflicting results in previous studies underline the necessity to study HG’s potential effect on pregnancy outcomes using large cohorts with valid data on exposure and outcome measures, as well as potential confounders. This study aims to investigate associations between HG and adverse pregnancy outcomes using the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Methods All singleton pregnancies in MoBa from 1998 to 2008 were included. Multivariable regression was used to estimate relative risks, approximated by odds ratios, for PTB, LBW, SGA and perinatal death. Linear regression was applied to assess differences in birthweight and gestational age for children born to women with and without HG. Potential confounders were adjusted for. Results Altogether, 814 out of 71,468 women (or 1.1%) had HG. In MoBa HG was not associated with PTB, LBW or SGA. Babies born to women with HG were born on average 1 day earlier than those born to women without HG; (−0.97 day (95% confidence intervals (CI): -1.80 - -0.15). There was no difference in birthweight when maternal weight gain was adjusted for; (23.42 grams (95% CI: -56.71 - 9.86). Babies born by women with HG had lower risk for having Apgar score < 7 after 1 minute (crude odds ratio was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.43 - 0.95)). No differences between the groups for Apgar score < 7 after 5 minutes were observed. Time-point for hospitalisation slightly increased differences in gestational age according to maternal HG status. Conclusions HG was not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancies complicated with HG had a slightly shorter gestational length. There was no difference in birth weight according to maternal HG-status. HG was associated with an almost 40% reduced risk for having Apgar score < 7 after 1 minute, but not after 5 minutes. The clinical importance of these statistically significant findings is, however, rather limited

Self-reported Memory Problems 8 Months after COVID-19 Infection

COVID-19 is an airway disease that also affects the nervous system.1 Therefore, neurological and neurocognitive symptoms may be a part of the postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) syndrome. PASC may be found to affect a high proportion of people who had mild cases of COVID-19, and there is an urgent need for a detailed description of PASC in nonhospitalized patients.2,3 This cohort study examines self-reported memory problems 8 months after COVID-19 infection

Hazard Ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals for total mortality (red line) and incident prostate cancer (blue line) by category of s-25(OH)D.

<p>Separate analyses were performed for the two endpoints. 25(OH)D 50–69 nmol/l is the reference category. In the total mortality analysis, adjustment was made for age, case status, month of blood sampling, examination, physical activity, BMI, smoking and education. In the prostate cancer incidence analysis adjustment was made for age, month of blood sampling, examination and education.</p

Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for total mortality by concentration of s-25(OH)D.

<p>Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for total mortality by concentration of s-25(OH)D.</p

Long Term Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Mortality in a Cohort of 4379 Men - Fig 1

<p>Hazard ratios (solid lines) with 95% confidence intervals (dashed lines) for all-cause mortality across the distribution of 25(OH)D in (A) men with prostate cancer and in (B) men without prostate cancer. Adjusted for age, month of blood sampling, examination, physical activity, BMI, smoking and education. 25(OH)D was included as restricted cubic splines with five knots.</p

Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for cause specifics deaths in patients with prostate cancer.

<p>Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for cause specifics deaths in patients with prostate cancer.</p