EFFECTS OF ROTATION ON UNSTEADY FLUID FLOW AND FORCED CONVECTION IN THE ROTATING CURVED SQUARE DUCT WITH A SMALL CURVATURE

In recent years, the analysis of flow disposition in a curved duct (CD) has greatly attracted researchers because it is broadly used in engineering devices. In the present paper, unsteady flow characteristics of energy transfer (HT) in a rotating curved square duct (CSD) have been presented with the aid of spectral method. The key purpose of this study is to explore rotational effects and heat transfer (HT) of the duct. For this purpose, time-evolution calculation is performed over the Taylor number (-1500 ≤ Tr ≤ 1500) and other parameters are fixed; e.g., Dean number (Dn = 1000), Curvature (δ = 0.015) and Prandtl number (Pr = 7.0, for water). Firstly, time-dependent behavior is accomplished for both clockwise and anticlockwise rotations. It is found that the flow instabilities are certainly governed by the change of Tr that has been justified by sketching phase spaces (PS). To observe the flow features, velocities including axial flow (AF), secondary flow (SF) and temperature profiles are disclosed for both rotations; and it is elucidated that 2- to 6-vortex solutions are generated for physically realizable solutions. Axial flow (AF) shows that two maximum-velocity regimes are produced which induces secondary flow (SF), and, consequently, a strong bonding between the AF and SF has been built up. It is observed that as the rotation is increased, the fluid is mixed considerably which boosts HT in the fluid. Finally, an assessment between the numerical and experimental data has been given, and a good agreement is observed

Efficacy of Methotrexate in Combination with Antioxidant Vitamins (A, C & E) versus Methotrexate alone in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: There is evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Despite the supporting evidence for a beneficial effect of antioxidants on clinical characteristics of RA, the right balance for optimal effectiveness of antioxidants is largely unknown. A study was designed to determine the potential beneficial effects of antioxidant intervention on clinical parameters of RA.Methods: Randomized clinical trial of 152 patients with positive rheumatoid factor (RF) and a Disease Activity Score (DAS 28) higher than 3.2 were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups (Group A and Group B) randomly and group A received methotrexate and antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E in a fixed dose) and group B methotrexate only. They were followed up for three visits (baseline, 10th week and 14th week). The intervention was stopped after 10 weeks and was followed by a ‘wash-out’ period of 4 weeks. At baseline, 10th week and 14th week patient’s condition were assessed by means of DAS-28 score. P- Value less than <0.05 was considered significant.Results: The numbers of swollen and tender joints were significantly reduced and general health was improved reflected by improved DAS-28 score at 10th week.The antioxidant effect was considered beneficial as compared to the scores of 1st visit at baseline; the DAS-28 score was significantly reduced at 2nd visit at 10th week. Increment of the DAS-28 score among the group A patients who were on antioxidant up to10 weeks, after the “wash-out period” of four weeks i.e. at 14th week confirmed a significant relation between changes in clinical condition and antioxidants.Conclusion: This study was designed to assess the potential beneficial effect of antioxidants (Vitamin A, C and E) in combination with methotrexate in the treatment of RA

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE, AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS COVID-19 IN NORTH EASTERN STATES OF INDIA: AN ONLINE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Objective: The study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, practices, and perception (KAP) toward COVID-19 among the population of eight North Eastern (NE) states of India. Methods: A cross-sectional study from June 30 to July 13, 2020 was carried out through a self-reported, structured questionnaire that was circulated online to participants of age group of 18 years or above. Convenient sampling was used to recruit respondents for the study. Results: The study received responses from 8309 participants. Key findings revealed that most respondents had good knowledge of preventive measures and common symptoms of COVID-19. The majority of the respondents showed a good attitude and adopted preventive practices. The mean score of knowledge was 7.137, attitude was 16.132, practice was 9.379, and perception was 13.583. The scores of four KAP categories significantly differed across most of the demographic variables (p&lt;0.001). The majority of people took homoeopathic medicine as prophylaxis for immune booster. Conclusion: The study highlights that the focus on behavioral change communication in all the NE states could be strengthened, especially in rural areas. Advocacy based on the comprehensive list of symptoms for COVID-19 may also be bolstered. There is scope for strategically promoting knowledge, immunity boosting, and self-care practices suggested in the AYUSH systems of medicine