Sexualundervisning för pojkar med grav intellektuell funktionsnedsättning : Produktutveckling för Lovisa stad

Detta examensarbete är ett beställningsarbete av Lovisa stad. Syftet med arbetet är att producera undervisningsmaterial för pojkar med grava intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar. Forskningsfrågan är vilka aspekter av sexual hälsan och med vilka metoder och medel bör pojkar med grav intellektuell funktionsnedsättningen undervisas i grundskolan. Tidigare forskning kring ämnet konstaterar att frågor kring sexualundervisning av ungdomar med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning är tabubelagt och att de undervisning som de får är otillräcklig. Människor med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar har dock samma rättigheter till ett gott liv som alla andra. Som teoretisk referensram används av WHO:s regionkontor för Europa och Tysklands Förbundscentrum för hälsoutbildning (BZgA) år 2010 sammanställda Standarder för sexualundervisningen i Europa. Som metoden för arbetet väljs Jerker Lundequists modell för produktutveckling. Examensarbetets resultat är ett undervisningsmaterial i form av en mapp med 53 laminerade sidor av text och uppgifter och en kort manual för skolpersonal. Undervisningsmaterialets text är anpassad enligt målgruppen och är enkel, tydlig och stöds av bildmaterial och Alternativ och Kompletterande Kommunikation i form av bildsymboler. Ämnen som tas upp är kroppens uppbyggnad och funktion, personlig hygien och hälsa, förändringar i pubertet, känslor och trygga relationer med andra. Information stöds av uppgifter som eleverna kan göra om många gånger för att befästa kunskape

On equivalence of gluon-loop exchange in the inelastic processes in perturbative QCD to pion exchange in

We consider the hadron–hadron inelastic scattering in the framework of QCD perturbation theory. It is shown that in QCD, due to conservation of color, the tree-level diagrams of inelastic scattering are prohibited and one has to deal with the diagrams with loops. We examine the simplest type of such diagrams, where the diagram can be split into blocks, so that the integration over four-momenta of virtual particles in each block can be done independently. It is shown that for these diagrams the squared absolute value of scattering amplitude has a maximum point, similar to that observed earlier in ɸ3 model, if one takes into account the relations between the arguments of scattering amplitude, imposed by the energy-momentum conservation law. This enables to apply the Laplace’s method for the calculation of cross section of hadron–hadron inelastic scattering. It is shown that the diagrams of gluon-loop exchange in QCD are equivalent to the diagrams of pion exchange in ɸ3 theory, whereby the new mechanism of cross section growth, discovered earlier in ɸ3 theory, takes place also in the perturbative QCD. The latter may explain the origin of experimentally-observed growth of cross section of hadron–hadron inelastic scattering as function of energy of colliding hadrons. The discovered mechanism can’t emerge in any Regge-based model due to the premises on the particle kinematics, made in these models

On equivalence of gluon-loop exchange in the inelastic processes in perturbative QCD to pion exchange in ɸ3 theory

We consider the hadron–hadron inelastic scattering in the framework of QCD perturbation theory. It is shown that in QCD, due to conservation of color, the tree-level diagrams of inelastic scattering are prohibited and one has to deal with the diagrams with loops. We examine the simplest type of such diagrams, where the diagram can be split into blocks, so that the integration over four-momenta of virtual particles in each block can be done independently. It is shown that for these diagrams the squared absolute value of scattering amplitude has a maximum point, similar to that observed earlier in ɸ3 model, if one takes into account the relations between the arguments of scattering amplitude, imposed by the energy-momentum conservation law. This enables to apply the Laplace’s method for the calculation of cross section of hadron–hadron inelastic scattering. It is shown that the diagrams of gluon-loop exchange in QCD are equivalent to the diagrams of pion exchange in ɸ3 theory, whereby the new mechanism of cross section growth, discovered earlier in ɸ3 theory, takes place also in the perturbative QCD. The latter may explain the origin of experimentally-observed growth of cross section of hadron–hadron inelastic scattering as function of energy of colliding hadrons. The discovered mechanism can’t emerge in any Regge-based model due to the premises on the particle kinematics, made in these models

Novel Method to Assess Endothelial Function via Monitoring of Perfusion Response to Local Heating by Imaging Photoplethysmography

Endothelial dysfunction is one of the most important markers of the risk of cardiovascular complications. This study is aimed to demonstrate the feasibility of imaging photoplethysmography to assess microcirculation response to local heating in order to develop a novel technology for assessing endothelial function. As a measure of vasodilation, we used the relative dynamics of the pulsatile component of the photoplethysmographic waveform, which was assessed in a large area of the outer surface of the middle third of the subject’s forearm. The perfusion response was evaluated in six healthy volunteers during a test with local skin heating up to 40–42 °C and subsequent relaxation. The proposed method is featured by accurate control of the parameters affecting the microcirculation during the prolonged study. It was found that in response to local hyperthermia, a multiple increase in the pulsation component, which has a biphasic character, was observed. The amplitude of the first phase of the perfusion reaction depends on both the initial skin temperature and the difference between the basal and heating temperatures. The proposed method allows the assessment of a reproducible perfusion increase in response to hyperthermia developed due to humoral factors associated with the endothelium, thus allowing detection of its dysfunction