Teores foliares de macro e micronutrientes no abacaxizeiro Imperial em função de doses de nitrogênio e potássio.

Diversas pesquisas são desenvolvidas em diferentes ecossistemas buscando o refinamento das recomendações de adubação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses de nitrogênio e potássio nos teores foliares de macro e micronutrientes no abacaxizeiro ?Imperial?, nas condições edafoclimáticas do Extremo Sul da Bahia. O experimento foi realizado no município de Porto Seguro, Bahia. O abacaxizeiro ?Imperial? foi plantado no espaçamento 0,90 x 0,40 x 0,40 m. Foram testadas quatro doses de N (0, 160, 320, 550 kg ha-1) e quatro doses de K2O (0, 240, 480 e 600 kg ha-1), em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições, em esquema fatorial completo 42. Aos 12 meses após o plantio foram coletadas folhas ?D? e determinados os teores de macro e micronutrientes. Observou-se que as doses de N diminuíram linearmente os teores foliares de P, K e S e, de forma quadrática, os teores de Mn. O incremento das doses de K diminuíram de forma linear os teores foliares de N, P, Ca e Mg. Os teores foliares de N e K, estimados nas doses máximas testadas, foram 12,8 g kg-1 e 31,8 g kg-1 respectivamente

The Early California Cultural Atlas

The Early California Cultural Atlas (ECCA) is envisioned as an interactive website that will integrate and manage historical resources, enable analysis of historical data related to the colonization and settlement of California, display research results in the form of maps and other visualizations, and educate students from elementary school to the university. This project is interdisciplinary and collaborative; it will draw upon the expertise of librarians, archivists, research scholars, software engineers, technical experts, California Indians, and primary school teachers. The ECCA represents a new partnership between existing programs, innovative scholars, and accomplished educators

Avaliação agronômica da aplicação do resíduo da indústria processadora de goiabas em pomar comercial de goiabeiras.

Dada a escassez de informações na literatura e a importância do manejo adequado de resíduos orgânicos na agricultura, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da aplicação do resíduo da indústria processadora de goiabas em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, determinando-se as alterações provocadas na química do solo, no estado nutricional de goiabeiras e na produção de frutos. As doses de resíduo aplicadas no pomar foram estabelecidas em função dos teores de N no resíduo. O delineamento empregado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo as doses do resíduo (moído) de 0, 9, 18, 27 e 36 t ha-1 (peso do material seco). Foram feitas três aplicações do resíduo: em 2006, 2007 e 2008. O resíduo da indústria processadora de goiabas promoveu aumento nos teores de P no solo; as goiabeiras apresentaram aumento dos teores de N, Ca, Mg e Mn; a produção de frutos foi alterada positiva e significativamente no terceiro ano do experimento. Agronomic evaluation of application of residue of the guava industry in a guava orchard. Given the scarcity of information in the literature and the importance of a proper management of organic waste in agriculture, this paper evaluated the effects of applying residues of the guava processing industry to an Ultisol, by evaluating changes in soil chemical properties, in the nutritional status of guava plants and fruit production. The residue rates applied in the orchard were established according to the residue N content and evaluated in a randomized block design with four replications, and the rates of the (ground) residue were: zero, 9, 18, 27 and 36 t ha-1 (dry weight). Three residue applications were made: in 2006, 2007 and 2008. The residue of the guava processing industry increased soil P concentration, and the guava plants showed increased leaf levels of N, Ca, Mg and Mn, and fruit production was positively and significantly affected in the third year of the experiment

Efeitos do subproduto da indústria processadora de goiabas na presença e ausência da adubação mineral.

O adequado manejo de resíduos orgânicos na agricultura carece de estudos e respaldo técnico. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o feito da aplicação de doses do subproduto da indústria processadora de goiabas, na presença e ausência de adubação mineral, sobre na análise de rotina de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, em condições de laboratório. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em esquema fatorial empregando cinco doses de resíduo, na presença e ausência de adubação mineral, inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Nas condições experimentais os atributos pH, M.O., K, Mg, SB, T e V foram afetados pelas doses do resíduo da indústria processadora de goiabas e processadora de goiabas e, pela presença ou ausência da fertilização mineral. Na presença da adubação mineral, as variáveis M.O., K, H+Al e T tiveram maior incremento em relação à ausência do adubo, em função do resíduo aplicado. Os resultados apresentados demonstram o potencial de utilização do resíduo da indústria processadora de goiabas na ciclagem e fornecimento de nutrientes

Normas preliminares DRIS e faixas de suficiência para goiabeira 'paluma'.

Resumo: O diagnóstico nutricional a partir da análise do tecido foliar é um instrumento eficiente para detectar desequilíbrios e auxiliar no processo de recomendação de adubação. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a relação entre os índices DRIS e os teores foliares de nutrientes, estabelecer teores foliares adequados de nutrientes com o DRIS e validar normas DRIS para a goiabeira 'Paluma'. Avaliou-se um pomar comercial nas condições de cultivo do Estado de São Paulo, durante seis safras de produção de frutos, provenientes de ensaios de adubação orgânica e mineral, totalizando 168 amostras. A ordem dos nutrientes limitantes por falta em ordem decrescente foram: Fe>K>Mn>Ca>B>N>P>Cu>S>Mg>Zn, e limitantes por excesso em ordem decrescente foram: Cu>Fe>P>Mn=Mg>Zn>Ca>B>K>S>N. As faixas adequadas, provenientes dos índices DRIS, são: 18-21; 1,5-1,7; 15-17; 8-11; 1,8-2,5 e 2,5-2,9 (g kg-1) para os macronutrientes N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, respectivamente, e 26-38; 5-57; 54-112; 53-101 e 13-126 (mg kg-1) para os micronutrientes B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn, respectivamente. A produtividade das goiabeiras esteve associada ao estado nutricional. [Preliminary DRIS norms and sufficiency range for 'Paluma' guava tree]. The nutritional diagnosis based on the analysis of leaf tissue is an efficient tool for detecting imbalances and help the process of fertilization recommendation. Thus, it was evaluated to establish preliminary DRIS norms, and to derive critical levels and sufficiency ranges of nutrients in the leaf tissue to Paluma guava cultivar in commercial orchards growing conditions in the State of São Paulo. It was evaluated six harvests of fruit production, from organic and mineral fertilizer, totaling 168 samples. The order of limiting nutrients for failure in descending order were: Fe> K> Mn> Ca> B> N> P> Cu> S> Mg> Zn, and limiting excess in descending order were: Cu> Fe> P> Mn = Mg> Zn> Ca> B> K> S> N. The tracks from the appropriate DRIS indices are: 18-21, 1.5 to 1.7, 15-17, 8-11, 1.8 to 2.5 and 2.5 to 2.9 (g kg-1) for the macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, respectively, and 26-38, 5-57, 54-112, 53-101 and 13-126 (mg kg-1) for the micronutrients B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. The yield of guava was related to nutritional status

NO Abatement using Microwave Micro Plasma Generated using Granular Activated Carbon

Abatement of NO using microwave micro-plasma is presented in this paper. The micro-plasma is generated using granular activated carbon (GAC) particles of size (size 2-3mm) in loosely fluidised bed in microwave filed operated at 2.45GHz. A single mode microwave cavity reactor (SMMCR) was constructed and microwave was injected through another slotted waveguide in a sandwiched manner. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to investigate the microwave electric field and the power density within the SMMCR. Gas mixture of air and 500 ppm NO (in N2) at the flow rate of 2 l/min was passed through a quartz tube centered within SMMCR while the supplied microwave power was very low 10-80 W and NO reduction was greater than 98%. The mass of GAC used for generating the plasma was 5g. When air is mixed with NO (in N2), the efficiency of NOx reduction achieved vary greatly with respect to the supplied microwave energy and behavior has become complex and is not predictable. The gas analyzer (testo 350) was used to measure the gas (NO, NO2, CO and O2) concentration and temperature

Prevalence of heavy smokers in the year 2000 in the province of Varese, Italy.

ABSTRACT: Prevalence of heavy smokers in the year 2000 in the Province of Varese, Italy. A. Imperatori, N. Rotolo, V. Conti, D. Di Natale, V. Tropeano, W. Mantovani. Background. Knowing the prevalence of heavy smokers (HS) by gender and age is a pre-requisite for bringing into effect public health measures against smoking-related diseases. Smoking prevalence data is available for the Italian Regions, however it is generally unknown for the Italian Provinces. Methods. In the year 2000 a survey of smoking prevalence was conducted by 47 general practitioners (GPs), by personal interview, in a large sample of the Varese Province population 45-74 years of age (28,034 subjects; 13,528 men, 14,506 women). Each surveyed subject was categorised either as ever HS (current/former smoker of at least 10 pack-years) or as non HS. The information on smoking habit collected by the GPs was anonymously pooled for analysis. Prevalence figures of smoking were tabulated by gender and by 5-year age-strata. Results. In the population 45-74 years of age the percentage of ever HS overall was 22.3% (34.4% of men; 11.0% of women). The prevalence of ever HS in both sexes combined progressively decreased with advancing age, from 23.6% (45-49 year stratum) to 19.5% (70-74 year stratum). Current HS were 24.5% of men and 9.5% of women. Conclusions. The year 2000 survey on smoking habit, showing 22.3% prevalence of ever HS in age range 45-74 years, is the first conducted in the Varese Province using a large population sample. The data on heavy cigarette smoking presented in this paper, stratified by gender and age, may be used to monitor changes in the smoking habit and in the incidence of smoking-related illnesses at the provincial level