9 research outputs found
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Combination with Organic Amendments and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation: An Efficient Option for the Phytomanagement of Trace Elements-Polluted Soils
The cultivation of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) destined for essential oils production was recently presented as an innovative and economically viable alternative for the phytomanagement of trace elements (TE)-polluted soils. However, Cd accumulation in shoots has proven to be an obstacle in the valorization of the distillation residues and the development of these phytotechnologies. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Funneliformis mosseae) inoculation and organic amendment application on the soil TE bioavailability and plant uptake, as well as on the soil quality and health improvement. The application of compost and sewage sludge improved the growth of coriander and Cd and Zn immobilization in soil, resulting in reduced Cd plant uptake. A synergistic effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation and organic amendments was observed in the decrease in the extractable soil Cd and Zn concentrations, but not in the Cd plant uptake. Despite a significant decrease in Cd accumulation in shoots, coriander retained its accumulative phenotype, with a metal bioconcentration factor close to 1. Furthermore, both the vegetation and the organic amendments improved the soil quality and health by increasing its microbial biomass, as estimated by phospholipid fatty acids, soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and cellubiosidase), and the bacterial metabolic function and diversity. The findings demonstrate the potential of C. sativum, particularly in combination with organic amendments and AMF inoculation, for the phytomanagement of TE-polluted soils and soil quality and health improvement
Mycorrhizal Inoculation Improves the Quality and Productivity of Essential Oil Distilled from Three Aromatic and Medicinal Plants: <i>Thymus satureioides</i>, <i>Thymus pallidus</i>, and <i>Lavandula dentata</i>
In Morocco, extensive use, traditional practices, and climate change have seriously impacted the productivity of aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP). To mitigate these adverse effects, this study aims at evaluating the potential of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), namely Rhizophagusirregularis and Funneliformis mosseae, in improving biomass, essential oils (EOs), and biomolecule production in Thymus satureioides, T. pallidus, and Lavandula dentata. Compared to non-inoculated-AMP, AMF induced significant increases in biomass production by 37.1, 52.4, and 43.6%, and in EOs yield by 21, 74, and 88% in T. satureioides, T. pallidus, and L. dentata, respectively. The EOs of inoculated-AMP exhibited increased proportions of major compounds such as thymol (23.7%), carvacrol (23.36%), and borneol (18.7%) in T. satureioides; α-terpinene (32.6%), thymol (28.79%), and Ύ-terpinene (8.1%) in T. pallidus; and camphor (58.44%), isoborneol (8.8%), and fenchol (4.1%) in L. dentata. Moreover, AMF significantly improved the anti-germinative and antifungal activities of the EOs. Indeed, IC50 values decreased by 1.8, 16.95, and 2.2 times against Blumerai graminis, Zymoseptoria tritici, and Fusarium culmorum, respectively, compared to non-inoculated-AMP. This study highlights the performance of the symbiosis between AMF and AMPs in terms of high quality of EOs production while respecting the environment. The associations F. mosseae-Thymus and R. irregularis-Lavandula are the most efficient
Mycorrhizal Inoculation Improves the Quality and Productivity of Essential Oil Distilled from Three Aromatic and Medicinal Plants: Thymus satureioides, Thymus pallidus, and Lavandula dentata
In Morocco, extensive use, traditional practices, and climate change have seriously impacted the productivity of aromatic and medicinal plants (AMP). To mitigate these adverse effects, this study aims at evaluating the potential of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), namely Rhizophagusirregularis and Funneliformis mosseae, in improving biomass, essential oils (EOs), and biomolecule production in Thymus satureioides, T. pallidus, and Lavandula dentata. Compared to non-inoculated-AMP, AMF induced significant increases in biomass production by 37.1, 52.4, and 43.6%, and in EOs yield by 21, 74, and 88% in T. satureioides, T. pallidus, and L. dentata, respectively. The EOs of inoculated-AMP exhibited increased proportions of major compounds such as thymol (23.7%), carvacrol (23.36%), and borneol (18.7%) in T. satureioides; α-terpinene (32.6%), thymol (28.79%), and δ-terpinene (8.1%) in T. pallidus; and camphor (58.44%), isoborneol (8.8%), and fenchol (4.1%) in L. dentata. Moreover, AMF significantly improved the anti-germinative and antifungal activities of the EOs. Indeed, IC50 values decreased by 1.8, 16.95, and 2.2 times against Blumerai graminis, Zymoseptoria tritici, and Fusarium culmorum, respectively, compared to non-inoculated-AMP. This study highlights the performance of the symbiosis between AMF and AMPs in terms of high quality of EOs production while respecting the environment. The associations F. mosseae-Thymus and R. irregularis-Lavandula are the most efficient
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Cultivation Combined with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation and Steel Slag Application Influences Trace Elements-Polluted Soil Bacterial Functioning
International audienceThe cultivation of aromatic plants for the extraction of essential oils has been presented as an innovative and economically viable alternative for the remediation of areas polluted with trace elements (TE). Therefore, this study focuses on the contribution of the cultivation of coriander and the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in combination with mineral amendments (steel slag) on the bacterial function of the rhizosphere, an aspect that is currently poorly understood and studied. The introduction of soil amendments, such as steel slag or mycorrhizal inoculum, had no significant effect on coriander growth. However, steel slag changed the structure of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere without affecting microbial function. In fact, Actinobacteria were significantly less abundant under slag-amended conditions, while the relative proportion of Gemmatimonadota increased. On the other hand, the planting of coriander affects the bacterial community structure and significantly increased the bacterial functional richness of the amended soil. Overall, these results show that planting coriander most affected the structure and functioning of bacterial communities in the TE-polluted soils and reversed the effects of mineral amendments on rhizosphere bacterial communities and their activities. This study highlights the potential of coriander, especially in combination with steel slag, for phytomanagement of TE-polluted soils, by improving soil quality and health
Mycorrhizal inoculation protected bread wheat against Septoria tritici blotch.
International audienceSeptoria tritici blotch (STB) is one of the most common diseases encountered in bread wheat crops andcan cause yield losses of up to 50%. Its causal agent, the hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici(Z. tritici), is developing increasing resistance to conventional fungicide treatments. As a consequence,STB is difficult to control despite ever more treatments with detrimental impact on environment andhuman health. To reduce their use, new control strategies compatible with more sustainableagriculture have to be developed.Mycorrhizal symbiosis occurring between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is known toimprove plant mineral and water nutrition as well as plant resistance against biotic stresses throughMycorrhiza Induced Resistance (MIR). In this context, the objective of the present work, carried outwithin the framework of the Bioscreen project (Smartbiocontrol, Interreg V), was to study the eventualcontrol of STB through mycorrhizal inoculation with the AMF species Funneliformis mosseae (F.mosseae), and to get insights in the defense mechanisms involved. For this purpose, 6-week-oldwheats (cv. Alixan) susceptible to STB were inoculated with F. mosseae before infection with Z. triticiin controlled conditions. At 18 days postinfection (18 dpi), the mycorrhizal root colonization rate wasestimated at 40% and allowed an 80% protection against STB of mycorrhizal wheats compared tonon-mycorrhizal ones. Leaf and root samples were collected during the biotrophic phase of Z. tritici (2dpi) to monitor the expression of both defense genes induced by the MIR in leaves and genes involvedin nutrient transports relative to mycorrhizal symbiosis in roots. Results show that F. mosseaeinoculated at root level is able to induce genes encoding PR proteins and proteins involved in bothantioxidant systems and the salicylic acid pathway in leaves.The observed protection was essentially based on a systemic elicitation of defense genes since we didnot observe any priming effect during mycorrhizal wheat infection with Z. tritici. Genes involved innutrient exchanges with AMF were induced in mycorrhizal wheat roots with no alteration by STB,except for SWEET transporters which were induced only in infected wheats. On the whole, theseresults lead us to propose F. mosseae as an interesting candidate biocontrol agent for field trials
Le champignon mycorhizien Funneliformis mosseae comme agent de biocontrÎle de la septoriose du blé
International audienceLa septoriose, maladie causĂ©e par le champignon hĂ©mibiotrophe Zymoseptoria tritici, est lâune des maladies les plus dommageables pour la culture du blĂ©. Dans un contexte de transition agroĂ©cologique, le dĂ©veloppement des stratĂ©gies de lutte respectueuses de la santĂ© humaine et de lâenvironnement est une prioritĂ©. La colonisation racinaire des plantes par les champignons mycorhiziens Ă arbuscules (CMA) est connue pour induire la MIR (Mycorrhiza Induced Resistance), correspondant Ă un Ă©tat de rĂ©sistance de la plante Ă divers bio-agresseurs. Nous avons ainsi testĂ© lâefficacitĂ© du CMA Funneliformis mosseae Ă protĂ©ger le blĂ© contre la septoriose dans le cadre du projet Bioscreen (Smartbiocontrol, Interreg V).Des plantules de blĂ© tendre (cv. Alixan) sensibles Ă la septoriose ont Ă©tĂ© cultivĂ©es dans un substrat contenant le CMA F. mosseae. AprĂšs 6 semaines de culture, les parties aĂ©riennes des plantules ont Ă©tĂ© infectĂ©es avec une solution de spores de Z. tritici, puis les symptĂŽmes de la maladie ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s 3 semaines aprĂšs infection. Des feuilles et racines ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©es pour une Ă©valuation de lâexpression gĂ©nique. Des taux de protection de 78% et de 87% contre la septoriose ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus chez le blĂ© mycorhizĂ©. Cette protection au niveau foliaire a Ă©tĂ© corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă un effet Ă©liciteur systĂ©mique induit par la mycorhization sur un ensemble de gĂšnes de dĂ©fense, Ă©galement induits lors dâune attaque par Z. tritici, et codant des PR protĂ©ines (PR1, PR4 et PR5) ou des protĂ©ines impliquĂ©es contre le stress oxydatif (POX et WRKY53). Au niveau racinaire, des gĂšnes marqueurs de la symbiose mycorhizienne impliquĂ©s dans les Ă©changes de nutriments (AMT3.1, PT10, PT11, Sult, Kchan et ABC) Ă©taient surexprimĂ©s chez le blĂ© mycorhizĂ© sans altĂ©ration par la septoriose. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent la mise en place dâune MIR chez le blĂ©, renforçant ses dĂ©fenses contre la septoriose
Le champignon mycorhizien Funneliformis mosseae comme agent de biocontrÎle de la septoriose du blé
International audienceLa septoriose, maladie causĂ©e par le champignon hĂ©mibiotrophe Zymoseptoria tritici, est lâune des maladies les plus dommageables pour la culture du blĂ©. Dans un contexte de transition agroĂ©cologique, le dĂ©veloppement des stratĂ©gies de lutte respectueuses de la santĂ© humaine et de lâenvironnement est une prioritĂ©. La colonisation racinaire des plantes par les champignons mycorhiziens Ă arbuscules (CMA) est connue pour induire la MIR (Mycorrhiza Induced Resistance), correspondant Ă un Ă©tat de rĂ©sistance de la plante Ă divers bio-agresseurs. Nous avons ainsi testĂ© lâefficacitĂ© du CMA Funneliformis mosseae Ă protĂ©ger le blĂ© contre la septoriose dans le cadre du projet Bioscreen (Smartbiocontrol, Interreg V).Des plantules de blĂ© tendre (cv. Alixan) sensibles Ă la septoriose ont Ă©tĂ© cultivĂ©es dans un substrat contenant le CMA F. mosseae. AprĂšs 6 semaines de culture, les parties aĂ©riennes des plantules ont Ă©tĂ© infectĂ©es avec une solution de spores de Z. tritici, puis les symptĂŽmes de la maladie ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s 3 semaines aprĂšs infection. Des feuilles et racines ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©es pour une Ă©valuation de lâexpression gĂ©nique. Des taux de protection de 78% et de 87% contre la septoriose ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus chez le blĂ© mycorhizĂ©. Cette protection au niveau foliaire a Ă©tĂ© corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă un effet Ă©liciteur systĂ©mique induit par la mycorhization sur un ensemble de gĂšnes de dĂ©fense, Ă©galement induits lors dâune attaque par Z. tritici, et codant des PR protĂ©ines (PR1, PR4 et PR5) ou des protĂ©ines impliquĂ©es contre le stress oxydatif (POX et WRKY53). Au niveau racinaire, des gĂšnes marqueurs de la symbiose mycorhizienne impliquĂ©s dans les Ă©changes de nutriments (AMT3.1, PT10, PT11, Sult, Kchan et ABC) Ă©taient surexprimĂ©s chez le blĂ© mycorhizĂ© sans altĂ©ration par la septoriose. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent la mise en place dâune MIR chez le blĂ©, renforçant ses dĂ©fenses contre la septoriose
Le champignon mycorhizien Funneliformis mosseae comme agent de biocontrÎle de la septoriose du blé
International audienceLa septoriose, maladie causĂ©e par le champignon hĂ©mibiotrophe Zymoseptoria tritici, est lâune des maladies les plus dommageables pour la culture du blĂ©. Dans un contexte de transition agroĂ©cologique, le dĂ©veloppement des stratĂ©gies de lutte respectueuses de la santĂ© humaine et de lâenvironnement est une prioritĂ©. La colonisation racinaire des plantes par les champignons mycorhiziens Ă arbuscules (CMA) est connue pour induire la MIR (Mycorrhiza Induced Resistance), correspondant Ă un Ă©tat de rĂ©sistance de la plante Ă divers bio-agresseurs. Nous avons ainsi testĂ© lâefficacitĂ© du CMA Funneliformis mosseae Ă protĂ©ger le blĂ© contre la septoriose dans le cadre du projet Bioscreen (Smartbiocontrol, Interreg V).Des plantules de blĂ© tendre (cv. Alixan) sensibles Ă la septoriose ont Ă©tĂ© cultivĂ©es dans un substrat contenant le CMA F. mosseae. AprĂšs 6 semaines de culture, les parties aĂ©riennes des plantules ont Ă©tĂ© infectĂ©es avec une solution de spores de Z. tritici, puis les symptĂŽmes de la maladie ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s 3 semaines aprĂšs infection. Des feuilles et racines ont Ă©tĂ© prĂ©levĂ©es pour une Ă©valuation de lâexpression gĂ©nique. Des taux de protection de 78% et de 87% contre la septoriose ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus chez le blĂ© mycorhizĂ©. Cette protection au niveau foliaire a Ă©tĂ© corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă un effet Ă©liciteur systĂ©mique induit par la mycorhization sur un ensemble de gĂšnes de dĂ©fense, Ă©galement induits lors dâune attaque par Z. tritici, et codant des PR protĂ©ines (PR1, PR4 et PR5) ou des protĂ©ines impliquĂ©es contre le stress oxydatif (POX et WRKY53). Au niveau racinaire, des gĂšnes marqueurs de la symbiose mycorhizienne impliquĂ©s dans les Ă©changes de nutriments (AMT3.1, PT10, PT11, Sult, Kchan et ABC) Ă©taient surexprimĂ©s chez le blĂ© mycorhizĂ© sans altĂ©ration par la septoriose. Nos rĂ©sultats montrent la mise en place dâune MIR chez le blĂ©, renforçant ses dĂ©fenses contre la septoriose