Dinamika stratosferskog ozona i ultravioletno zračenje iznad Srbije

Increased ultraviolet radiation potentially detrimental to health is a direct effect of the reduced ozone layer of the Earth's atmosphere. Stratospheric ozone over the territory of Serbia and immediate surrounding depleted in the considered period of 1979-2008; its amount reduced by 7.6%. Solar and volcanic activities have significant effect on the interannual variability of the stratospheric ozone. Ozone layer over Serbia is 13.8% thicker than the planetary layer, with the ozone hole forming once in five years on average without serious health implications.Smanjenje debljine ozonskog omotača Zemlje direktno utiče na povećanje ultravioletnog zračenja sa potencijalnim efektima na zdravlje ljudi. U radu je ispitivana dinamika stratosferskog ozona nad teritorijama Srbije i neposrednog okruženja u periodu 1979-2008. godine. Konstatovan je kumulativni pad debljine ozona za 7.6%. Ukazano je na uticaj Sunčeve i vulkanske aktivnosti na međugodišnju varijabilnost debljine stratosferskog ozona. Debljina ozonskog omotača nad teritorijom Srbije je za 13.8% veća od planetarne, a ozonske 'rupe' se javljaju prosečno jednom u 5 godina i ne predstavljaju ozbiljniju pretnju po zdravlje stanovništva

Aktuelno stanje ozonskog omotača na zemlji sa posebnim osvrtom na Srbiju

This paper's aim is survey of the most recent results on the stratospheric ozone condition on Earth and under Serbian territory, identification of possible causes of its dynamics, as well as projection of condition of stratospheric layer in the future. The decrease of emissions and concentrations of substances that cause ozone depletion is concluded, ozone layer is not in the state of further decomposition while the role of natural factors in its dynamics is much obvious and more significant than previously considered. During period 1979-2005 the decrease of ozone concentration was noticed under Serbian territory cumulatively for 24.5 DU (7.2%). However, by method of flexible trend it was established that process of ozone layer covering dominated from pentad 1992-1996. Inter-annual variations of stratospheric ozone concentration under Serbia have still been in the function of natural causes such as solar and volcanic activities. Key words: ozone layer, ozone holes, Serbia, CFC, natural factors.Cilj rada je pregled najnovijih rezultata stanja stratosferskog ozona na Zemlji i Srbiji, utvrđivanje mogućih uzroka njegove dinamike, kao i projekcije stanja stratosferskog ozona u budućnosti. Konstatovano je da emisije i koncentracije supstanci koje oštećuju ozonski omotač opadaju, ozonski omotač se dalje ne razgrađuje, a uloga prirodnih faktora u njegovoj dinamici je jasnija i značajnija nego što se ranije smatralo. U periodu 1979-2005, došlo je do pada koncentracije ozona nad teritorijom Srbije kumulativno za 24,5 DU (7,2%). Međutim, metodom fleksibilnog trenda utvrđeno je da od pentade 1992-1996. dominira proces oporavka ozonskog omotača. Međugodišnje varijacije koncentracije stratosferskog ozona nad Srbijom i dalje su u funkciji prirodnih faktora, kao što su Sunčeva i vulkanska aktivnost

Aktuelno stanje ozonskog omotača na zemlji sa posebnim osvrtom na Srbiju

This paper's aim is survey of the most recent results on the stratospheric ozone condition on Earth and under Serbian territory, identification of possible causes of its dynamics, as well as projection of condition of stratospheric layer in the future. The decrease of emissions and concentrations of substances that cause ozone depletion is concluded, ozone layer is not in the state of further decomposition while the role of natural factors in its dynamics is much obvious and more significant than previously considered. During period 1979-2005 the decrease of ozone concentration was noticed under Serbian territory cumulatively for 24.5 DU (7.2%). However, by method of flexible trend it was established that process of ozone layer covering dominated from pentad 1992-1996. Inter-annual variations of stratospheric ozone concentration under Serbia have still been in the function of natural causes such as solar and volcanic activities. Key words: ozone layer, ozone holes, Serbia, CFC, natural factors.Cilj rada je pregled najnovijih rezultata stanja stratosferskog ozona na Zemlji i Srbiji, utvrđivanje mogućih uzroka njegove dinamike, kao i projekcije stanja stratosferskog ozona u budućnosti. Konstatovano je da emisije i koncentracije supstanci koje oštećuju ozonski omotač opadaju, ozonski omotač se dalje ne razgrađuje, a uloga prirodnih faktora u njegovoj dinamici je jasnija i značajnija nego što se ranije smatralo. U periodu 1979-2005, došlo je do pada koncentracije ozona nad teritorijom Srbije kumulativno za 24,5 DU (7,2%). Međutim, metodom fleksibilnog trenda utvrđeno je da od pentade 1992-1996. dominira proces oporavka ozonskog omotača. Međugodišnje varijacije koncentracije stratosferskog ozona nad Srbijom i dalje su u funkciji prirodnih faktora, kao što su Sunčeva i vulkanska aktivnost

Changes in Soil Erosion Intensity Caused by Land Use and Demographic Changes in the Jablanica River Basin, Serbia

The aim of this research is to determine the change in the spatial distribution of erosion intensity in the territory of the Jablanica River Basin in the period 1971-2016 caused by land use and demographic changes. The Erosion Potential Method (EPM) was used to quantify changes in erosion intensity and to estimate the total annual sediment yield. The research results show that the value of the erosion coefficient decreased from 0.432 in 1971 to 0.360 in 2016. Specific annual gross erosion in the Jablanica River Basin was 654.41 m(3)/km(2)/year in 1971, while in 2016 it was 472.03 m(3)/km(2)/year. The analysis of proportional changes was used to determine demographic changes and land use patterns in the basin area. In terms of the scale and intensity of the erosion process, three types and one sub-type of population dynamics of settlements and land use changes were distinguished, respectively: progressive, stagnant, regressive and dominant regressive. It was concluded that the results show the significance of demographic and land use changes in the control of the intensity of erosion. The Soil Erosion Map may be useful to planners and land use managers to take appropriate decisions for soil conservation in the basin

Hydrogeothermal potentials of Rogozna mountain and possibility of their valorization

The subjects of this study are hydrogeothermal potentials of Rogozna mountain (Serbia) and possibility of their use. Thermo-mineral springs at the mountain's foothill are the leftovers from an intensive volcanic activity during the Tertiary. The most famous and the most valuable ones are the springs in Novopazarska Spa, Banjska and in the village of Vuca, with a number of springs yet to be examined. The hydrogeothermal potential of these springs is significant, with the total thermal power of 4.6 MWt and the thermal energy of 145.4 TJ/year, but these could be greatly enlarged through the additional investigation in the interior of Rogozna. It is believed that the primary reservoir lies at the approximate depth of 2 km and that the water temperature is about 120 degrees C. In the area of Rogozna mountain there are a lot of thermomineral springs (TM) with outlet temperature between 30 and 54 degrees C. The main goal of this study is to determine the thermo-mineral capacity and energy potential in the area of three spas. This study allows the hypothesis that thermo-mineral springs in the area of Rogozna mountain have large potential. The researched area of Rogozna mountain is insufficiently investigated geo-space, which is rich in thermo-mineral springs. Thermal sources in Rogozna mountain produce heat power of 4.6MWt or 1.4% of heat power given by all the sources in Serbia. The waters of these springs are solely used for balneological and recreational purposes. Yet they could successfully be used in warming and cooling the space, for greenhouses in fruit, vegetable and flower production. In the end, all geospatial data with the help of GIS advanced techniques were digitized and visualized

Statistical analysis of water quality parameters in the basin of the Nisava River (Serbia) in the period 2009-2018

This paper analyzes water quality from four hydrological stations in the Nisava river basin from 2009-2018 based on the following parameters: pH, conductivity, O-2 saturation, BOD5, suspended solids, total oxidized nitrogen, phosphates, turbidity and coliform bacteria. Authors have applied WQI (water quality index) as the most reliable indicator of the watercourses pollution for setting of surface water flow quality. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) using t-test inferential statistical analysis and post-hoc Tukey test were applied to evaluate statistically significant differences between specific data groups. The results show that bad water quality was registered on all the profiles on an annual basis (WQI = 65-71). The river water pH decreases downstream, while values of BOD5, suspended solids, turbidity, TON, phosphates and coliform bacteria gradually increase. The waters of the Nisava at the station Nis belong to the third class of waters and they are mostly loaded with organic matter originating from waste sewage and industrial waters of both urban and rural areas

The impact of Mediterranean oscillations on periodicity and trend of temperature in the valley of the Nisava river - a fourier and wavelet approach

Periodicity of temperature on three stations in the Nisava River valley in period 1949-2014, has been analyzed by means of Fourier and wavelet transforms. Combined periodogram based on fast Fourier transform shows considerable similarity among individual series and identffies significant periods on 2.2, 2.7, 3.3, 5, 6-7, and 8.2 years in all datasets. Wavelet coherence analysis connects strongest 6-7 years spectral component to Mediterranean oscillation, starting in 1980s. Combined periodogram of Mediterranean oscillation index reveals 6-7 years spectral component as a dominant mode in period 1949-2014. Wavelet power spectra and partial combined periodograms show absence of 6-7 years component before 1975, after which this component becomes dominant in the spectrum. Consistency between alternation in temperature trend in the Nisava River valley and change in periodicity of Mediterranean oscillation was found

Statistical analysis of annual and seasonal temperature regime change in Rasina River basin, Serbia

In this research, changes in annual and seasonal trends of mean temperatures were analyzed on the territory of the Rasina River basin (central Serbia). We used data from four meteorological stations during three periods: 1961–1989, 1990–2018, and 1979–2013. The change detection analysis has been conceded using the Pettitt’s test, von Neumann ratio test, Buishand’s range test, and standard normal homogeneity (SNH) test, while the linear regression, Mann-Kendall, and Sen's slope tests have been applied for trend analysis. The results show that the change in summer temperatures occurred shortly after 1980. The analysis results showed that inhomogeneous structures are generally observed between 1976 and 1984, between 1997 and 1998, and in 2006. The trend of all the data on annual basis showed positive increasing trend. The analysis indicated that the average annual, winter, and summer temperatures show significant increasing trend both in the longer period (1961–2018) and in the second part of the period (1990–2018). In the first part of the period (1961–1989), autumn temperatures in Kruševac, summer and autumn temperatures in Blace, as well as winter and autumn temperatures in Goč showed significant decreasing trend. The significant rising trend in the summer and winter months in the last 30 years may affect water availability and water demands in the region

Statistical analysis of temperature regime change on the example of Sokobanja basin in eastern Serbia

The changes and oscillations in air temperature during the second half of the 20th and in the early 21st century, have become one of the major concerns of almost all scientific disciplines. Such changes are noticeable both at the local and global level. The objective of this paper is to point out that the changes of this climate element can also be detected at the local level. The research underlying this paper is, in terms of territory, limited to the Sokobanja basin in Eastern Serbia. The analysis relies on the data on air temperature for the period 1946-2012 taken from the Meteorological weather station located in Sokobanja. The obtained data were processed in line with the recommendations of the World Meteorological Organization. The evidenced statistically significant changes in air temperature were examined using the following statistical tests: Pettit test, Standard Normal Homogeneity test, Buishand range test, and von Neumann test

Agroklimatske karakteristike Leskovačke kotline

The biggest south Morava river valley and one of the biggest valleys in Serbia - the Leskovac valley represents an area which is typically agricultural. In agricultural production, wheat and maize participate with 60%, and vegetables (mostly potatoes and peppers) participate with about 16%. It is also a huge producer of fruits and vine. However, the yield of these cultures is not big. In order to get bigger yield, it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis of these cultures growing conditions where the agro-climate studies have a significant place. The work is concerned with the characteristics of climate in Leskovac Valley and they are shown by basic climatic elements (air temperature, sunny days and precipitation) for the period from 1975 to 2000. According to then, specific agroclimatic indicators were made - the length of the vegetational period, the sum of active and effective temperatures, hydrotermic (HTK) and heliotermic (HeTK) quotient and bioclimatic index (BKI)