Land Transportation Effects on Manufacture and Regional Economy of Sumatra of Indonesia

The study aimed to determine the effect simultaneously between land transportation and manufacturing industry on economic improvement An explanation research was conducted to obtain the causal relationship between land transportation and manufacture. The data used in this study were off secondary sources and time series data forms from 2006-2015 data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Labuhan Batu Regency. Regression analysis was applied the mathematical relationship between the output variable or dependent (Y) with one or several input / independent variables (X). The mathematical relationship is used as a regression model that is used to predict or predict the output value (Y) based on a particular input value (X). The results of this study indicated that simultaneously the land transportation variable and manufacturing industry have a positive and significant effect on the economic improvement variable. The results obtained a tcount value of 3.599. Thus tcount is greater than t table (3.241> 1.894); then H0 is rejected HA is accepted, meaning that partially there is a positive and significant influence between land transportation and economic improvement. The results obtained a tcount of 0.112. Thus tcount is greater than t table (0.112 <1.894) then H0 is accepted HA is rejected, meaning that partially there is no positive and significant influence between the manufacturing industry on economic improvement

Reflecting Theories in Three Themes of Professional Development

There are three themes of professional development will be discussed in this paper; a commitment to professional development, a commitment to collaborative reflection on practice, recognizing context and culture in professional development. All Themes are elaborated respectively and relate the professional development theories to the Indonesian education system, and as a result, develop any potential understanding. All themes seem to support each other. the succeed effort of a teacher will contribute positively to their profession, in collaborative work or in the context and culture. The progress of the teacher professional development should come from the all parties' effort. As we all know that education does not only stand alone but it is strongly influenced by the present context of politics, social, culture, or religious. In, Indonesia the advancement of this sector would strongly rely on government action rather than grassroots or professional organization initiatives. Based on the reflection, the paper proposes narrowing gaps between the universities and the schools. Implementing this direction is believed to some extent would reach certain advancement in teacher professional development in Indonesia