2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, abscisic acid, and hydrogen peroxide induced resistance-related components against potato early blight (Alternaria solani, Sorauer)

AbstractInduction of acquired resistance activates defense-related genes. Current study aimed to (a) initiate potato acquired resistance to the Early Blight disease caused by Alternaria solani through treating potato plants with low and repetitive doses of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), abscisic acid (AB), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and (b) test the success of the use of the chemical inducers along with the application of fungicides. Potato cultivars Nicola and Spunta were treated once per wk for 6wk and challenged 1wk later by in the control of A. solani. Results showed that peroxidase (POD), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) enzyme activities and gene regulation were significantly increased after 1d of infection and lasted for more than 15d. The 2,4-D and H2O2 inducers significantly increased both enzyme activities and gene expression of PAL, PPO, and POD for more than 15d post inoculation. PAL was the most increased at the enzyme activity and gene expression levels. Incorporation of such in-expensive treatments might reduce management costs and reduce the environmental pollution

The Cholecystectomy As A Day Case (CAAD) Score: A Validated Score of Preoperative Predictors of Successful Day-Case Cholecystectomy Using the CholeS Data Set

Background Day-case surgery is associated with significant patient and cost benefits. However, only 43% of cholecystectomy patients are discharged home the same day. One hypothesis is day-case cholecystectomy rates, defined as patients discharged the same day as their operation, may be improved by better assessment of patients using standard preoperative variables. Methods Data were extracted from a prospectively collected data set of cholecystectomy patients from 166 UK and Irish hospitals (CholeS). Cholecystectomies performed as elective procedures were divided into main (75%) and validation (25%) data sets. Preoperative predictors were identified, and a risk score of failed day case was devised using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the score in the validation data set. Results Of the 7426 elective cholecystectomies performed, 49% of these were discharged home the same day. Same-day discharge following cholecystectomy was less likely with older patients (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), higher ASA scores (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), complicated cholelithiasis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.48), male gender (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74), previous acute gallstone-related admissions (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48–0.60) and preoperative endoscopic intervention (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34–0.47). The CAAD score was developed using these variables. When applied to the validation subgroup, a CAAD score of ≤5 was associated with 80.8% successful day-case cholecystectomy compared with 19.2% associated with a CAAD score >5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The CAAD score which utilises data readily available from clinic letters and electronic sources can predict same-day discharges following cholecystectomy

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Adjustment of labour migrants in Baghdad city, Iraq

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX180805 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Plate modes in piezoelectric multilayered structures

Recent experiments have shown that interdigital transducers can couple strongly to plate modes in piezoelectric composite membranes. In this paper the dispersive properties and the piezoelectric coupling (Δν/ν) to these plate modes are presented The various types of modes are identified and related to crystalline symmetry. Results are given for stiffened-shear modes in zinc oxide and selenium membranes and for stiffened-Lamb modes in ZnO and Se membranes as well as in ZnO-on-Si and ZnO-on-GaAs, composite plates. Piezoelectric coupling (Δν/ν) values ranging from one to eight percent are found to be typical for such plate modes. Details of coupling factors, dispersion characteristics, and passband properties which illustrate the properties of these modes are given.Des expériences récentes ont montré que des transducteurs interdigités pouvaient exciter fortement des modes de plaque dans des membranes composites piézoélectriques. Dans cet article, on présente les propriétés dispersives et le couplage piézoélectrique (Δν/ν) de ces modes de plaque. Les différents types de modes sont identifiés et reliés à la symétrie cristalline. Des résultats sont donnés pour les modes transverses durcis dans des membranes d'oxyde de zinc et de sélénium et pour les modes de Lamb durcis, dans des membranes de ZnO et Se comme dans celles des plaques composites ZnO sur Si et ZnO sur GaAs. Des valeurs de coefficients Δν/ν comprises entre un et huit pour cent se révèlent typiques de tels modes de plaques. Des détails sur les facteurs de couplage, les caractéristiques de dispersion et les propriétés de bande passante qui illustrent les propriétés de ces modes sont donnés dans l'article

Stationary regime of exploitation of size-structured population with hierarchical competition

For a given exploitation intensity of size-structured population with asymmetric competition form we prove the existence of a nontrivial stationary state in the population dynamics

Combined effect of pulsating flow and magnetic field on thermoelectric cooler performance

The performance enhancement of the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) by controlling the working conditions is the main target of the present experimental investigation. The present study handles the variation of the most effective parameters through changing the pulsating air flow by introducing cases of Womersley number (Wo); 0 ≤ Wo ≤ 41.28. The magnetic field intensities Bo; 0.875 ≤ Bo ≤ 1.25 T, at different input current (I) from 4.6 to 7.4 Amp, at 0.0542 kg/s mass flow rate. The test section consists of a set of four TEC integrated with eight heat sinks, exposed to a magnetic field emitter, and two DC motors to create pulsating flow, all enclosed in a rectangular duct. The maximum obtained coefficient of performance (COP) in case of pulsating flow was 0.24. While at the case of both magnetic field and pulsating flow was 0.277. Comparing with the case of TEC without both effects it was 0.192. Comparing with previous works the results shows a good trend agreement. Keywords: Thermoelectric cooler, Forced convection, Magnetic field, Pulsating flow, Electronic coolin