Methodology and Applications of Christian Leadership Ethics

A fundamental methodology for Christian leadership ethics will be proposed, which has long been pending in the discourse on ethical leadership. It is necessary to first clarify what characterizes leadership ethics, and secondly, what Christian leadership ethics imply and how this methodology should be classified with regard to alternative paradigms. Thirdly, the practical impact for selected areas of application will be pointed out. It will be demonstrated that leadership ethics in general is based on a transparent basis of values and apply to specific scopes. It defines the relationship between economic efficiency and human utility in a narrower sense as objective dualism. Christian leadership ethics is based on the biblical conception of man and therefore the arguments are metaphysical. The related answer to objective-dualism implies direct consequences for the design of human resource management, motivation and communication. At least from a Christian point of view, it is undisputable that there are and should be Christian leaders in management. But can or should there be Christian leadership ethics? This has been questioned in principle by the example of Ferdinand Rohrhirsch – even though recently, several approaches have raised this claim: for instance, the model of Servant Leadership, which comes from the U.S. and is slowly being established in Europe. The perspective leadership ethics by Cornelius Keppeler or the Business Metaphysics by Michael Schramm, is another example. In this article we clear the way for a Christian methodology which goes beyond virtue. We clarify what is meant by corresponding Christian leadership ethics and where, from a fundamental ethical point of view, such a system can be classified in relation to alternative paradigms. Corresponding consequences for selected areas of application will be shown

“We’re Stronger Together”: A Co-Creational Approach to Cause- Related Marketing

Avoiding consumer skepticism of corporate social responsibility programs has become an important factor in CSR communication. Literature points towards a need for a more consumer-focused, symmetrical approach to CSR communication, especially in the case of cause-related marketing. The Estee Lauder 2014 Breast Cancer Awareness Campaign uses a co-creational approach to CSR, centered on user-generated content and creating a consumer community. This dissertation investigates the effects of a co-creational CSR approach upon media coverage of the campaign through qualitative content analysis of press materials and media reports. Results show that co-creational themes in the press materials were often reflected in media coverage. Ideas of dialogue, transparency and access were central to the press materials, and used to create the perception of a CSR campaign that is values-driven, authentic and consumer focused. The media documents presented a similar narrative of the campaign. However, aspects of co-creation emphasized in the press documents were not always reflected within the media documents. Ideas of transparency and access were implicitly reflected, though the co-creational aspects of the campaign were not always mentioned in the media documents. Analysis shows that the BCA campaign’s co-creational approach garnered positive media coverage, though not always due to co-creational themes

Distraction: Friend or Foe

The classic image in the psychology of driver-car interaction is that of a driver that wants to pay attention to the road: the job of designers is to avoid drawing the driver’s attention away from the road. A number of changes in drivers and cars makes this approach obsolete. Specifically, the following questions are pertinent: • Do drivers want to pay attention to the road? • Can drivers pay attention to the road? • Is attention/distraction the right metric for assessing the effects (positive or negative) of design? • How do new interfaces necessitate a change in our thinking about attention/distraction? • How do fully automated (autonomous) and partially automated vehicles necessitate a change in our thinking about attention/distraction? • How can interface design improve driver attention/performance (as opposed to merely reducing attentional demands)

Effect of aging on endogenous level of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, estradiol, and estrone in epithelium and stroma of normal and hyperplastic human prostate.

associated with aging. Thus, the question arises whether or not a correlation exists between the well known prostatic androgen and estrogen accumulation and aging. To address this question, we measured 5a-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone, estradiol, and estrone in epithelium and stroma of six normal (NPR) and 19 BPH and correlated the values with the age of the donors (26-87 yr). The mean DHT level in NPR epithelium was significantly higher than in NPR stroma, and also significantly higher than in epithelium and stroma of BPH. The epithelial DHT level of NPR and BPH decreased with age, the correlation being statistically significant. The stromal DHT level of NPR and BPH showed no correlation with age. Concerning testosterone, generally rather low values were found which showed no correlation with age. The mean levels of estradiol and estrone were significantly higher in BPH stroma as compared to BPH epithelium as well as to NPR epithelium and stroma. In NPR, the mean levels of estradiol and estrone were significantly higher in epithelium than stroma. In NPR and BPH, the stromal estradiol and estrone levels increased significantly with age. In epithelium such a correlation between the estrogen levels and age was not found. Our results indicate that the prostatic accumulation of DHT, estradiol, and estrone is in part intimately correlated with aging, leading with increasing age to a dramatic increase of the estrogen/androgen ratio particularly in stroma of BPH

Efeito da antecipação da oferta de artemia na larvicultura do peixe-palhaço Amphiprion clarkii

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aquicultura, Florianópolis, 2013.O sucesso do cultivo de algumas espécies de peixes marinhos está diretamente ligado ao bom desempenho da larvicultura que, por sua vez, é influenciada principalmente pela alimentação. Rotífero é largamente utilizado como primeira alimentação e, quando a larva já consegue capturar alimentos maiores, inicia-se o fornecimento de náuplios de artemia. Quando analisada a produção de Amphiprion clarkii, percebe-se uma divergência entre os autores quanto ao dia em que se deve parar de fornecer o rotífero e iniciar o fornecimento de artemia. Sabendo disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar qual o melhor momento para iniciar o fornecimento de náuplios de artemia para as larvas de A. clarkii. Para isso foram testados três tratamentos: T2 iniciou o fornecimento de artemia no 2º dia após a eclosão (DAE) das larvas, T4 recebeu artemia no 4º DAE e T6 (Controle) no 6º DAE. Foram analisados o crescimento, o ganho de peso, a sobrevivência, a metamorfose e o tamanho da boca das larvas no dia em que começaram a receber artemia. Embora não tenha havido diferença da sobrevivência entre os tratamentos, observou-se que algumas larvas de A. clarkii já tinham capacidade de capturar nauplios de artemia no 2º DAE, fazendo com que o T2 crescesse de 3,78 ± 0,02 mm (Média ± EP) no dia da eclosão para 8,33 ± 0,22 mm no 13º DAE, sendo significativamente maior que o T6 o qual mediu 7,43 ± 0,15 mm no mesmo período de tempo. Além do comprimento, o peso do T2 (16,5 ± 0,8 mg) também foi significativamente maior que T4 e T6 que apresentaram 14,1 ± 0,6 mg e 12,5 ± 0,4 mg, respectivamente no final do experimento. Quanto a metamorfose, o T2 teve as primeiras larvas metamorfoseadas um dia antes dos demais tratamentos. Esses resultados foram semelhantes e até superiores a resultados encontrados em outros trabalhos que também utilizaram A. clarkii iniciando o fornecimento de artemia mais tarde, mostrando que a antecipação de artemia para o 2º DAE é viável podendo inclusive melhorar o desempenho larval.Abstract : The successful cultivation of marine fish is directly related to the good performance of the larviculture, which is influenced primarily by feeding. Rotifer is widely used in aquaculture as the starting food and, when the larva is able to capture larger prey, the artemia nauplii supply begins. Analyzing the production of Amphiprion clarkii, it is noticed a conflict between the authors about the day to stop providing rotifers and start supplying artemia. Knowing this, the main objective of this paper was to evaluate the best moment to start providing artemia's nauplii for A. clarkii larvae. For this, three treatments were tested: T2 began the artemia supply on the 2nd day after hatching (DAH) of larvae, T4 received artemia on the 4th DAH and T6 (Control) at 6th DAH. Growth, weight, survival, metamorphosis and mouth size of the larvae were analyzed by the time they started receiving artemia. Although there was no difference in survival between the treatments, it was observed that some A. clarkii larvae already had the ability to capture artemia in the 2nd DAH, resulting in increasing growth at T2 from 3.78 ± 0.02 mm (Mean ± SE) at hatching to 8.33 ± 0.22 mm at the 13th DAH, significantly bigger than T6, with 7.43 ± 0.15 mm in the same period. Besides the length, the weight of T2 (16.5 ± 0.8 mg) was also significantly higher than T4 and T6, which showed 14.1 ± 0.6 mg and 12.5 ± 0.4 mg, respectively, at the end of the experiment. In relation to the metamorphosis, T2 had the first larvae metamorphosed, one day before the other treatments. These results were similar or even superior to the results found in other studies with A. clarkii that started supplying artemia later, showing that the anticipation of artemia for the 2nd DAH is viable and may even improve larval performance

Variability in Militia and Regular Army Refuse Disposal Patterns at Fort Meigs: A Fortified War of 1812 Encampment on the Maumee River in Northern Ohio

During the fall of 1812, Fort Meigs was built on a bluff along the south side of the Maumee River, Ohio, to serve as a forward supply base and to provide protection to the expeditionary force preparing to advance against Fort Malden. The completed fortification included batteries, blockhouses, and a connecting parapet and palisade. Three groups of Americans (federal army, militia, and volunteers) resided at Fort Meigs during its construction, usage as a base camp and forward-supply depot, and its defense. Members of these groups came from a range of socioeconomic classes. This article seeks to elucidate any qualitative differences in the behavior and refuse-disposal patterns among the three categories of soldier at Fort Meigs: militia and volunteers, enlisted men, and officers, and how disposal patterns reflect then-extant military culture. It should be possible to relate the forms of material culture discovered in contexts other than sinks (also known as primary, secondary, and de facto disposal types) (Schiffer 1972), to the actions of the three categories of soldiers