Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Fibronectin and Tenascin Following Direct Pulp Capping with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Platelet-Rich Plasma and Propolis in Dogs’ Teeth

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of fibronectin (FN) and tenascin (TN) after direct pulp capping (DPC) in dogs’ teeth with either mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Propolis or Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), by means of immunohistochemistry. Methods and Materials: A total of 48 sound molars and premolars with mature apices from four dogs, were included. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups according to the material used for DPC: PRP, Propolis, MTA, and glass-ionomer (as the negative control group). Each group was divided into two 7-day and 30-day subgroups. The teeth were restored at the same session. The animals were sacrificed at the mentioned time intervals and the expression of FN and TN in each test group and between each time intervals was assessed with Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests, respectively. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare FN and TN staining among the test groups. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The amount of FN in the MTA group in the 30-day interval was significantly higher than the 7-day interval; however, there were no significant differences among the other groups. The amount of TN in the MTA and Propolis groups in the 30-day interval was significantly higher than that in the 7-day interval; no recognizable difference was observed in the other groups. Moreover, the difference in expression of FN and TN in the 7-day interval was not significant in the experimental groups. Nevertheless, the difference was significant in the 30-day interval, with the highest and lowest expressions belonging to the MTA and glass-ionomer groups, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present animal study, MTA is still a better choice for direct pulp capping.Keywords: Fibronectin; Immunohistochemistry; Propolis; Pulp Capping; Tenasci

Odontogenic cysts: A 40- year retrospective clinicopathological study in an Iranian population

We present a 40-year retrospective study of 1189 patients with odontogenic cysts (OCs) that were diagnosed from 1971 to 2011 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad, Iran. In contrast to most of previous studies that have been reported inflammatory OCs as the most common type, in the current study, among cystic lesions of the jaws most were developmental in origin (62.30%). The most commonly diagnosed inflammatory and developmental odontogenic cysts were the periapical cyst (30.45%) and dentigerous cyst (26.80%) respectively. Developmental cysts were happened more in males whereas inflammatory types showed more tendency to females. The patients’ mean age was 27.20 ± 15.93 years, with a peak of occurrence in the second decade of life followed by the third decade. A high posterior mandibular incidence (41.85%) was observed, whereas some previous reports showed anterior maxilla predilection. The most common histological types of developmental cysts were aggressive (Dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst and calcifying odontogenic cyst). Furthermore, these three varieties representing more than half of all studied cysts (59.30%) at our Service. Knowledge of the incidence of odontogenic cysts and their clinicopatho­logic features, including most common location, gender and age distribution in different ethno-geographic backgrounds is necessary for the accurate diagnosis and differentiating aggressive lesions from other kinds of cysts

Clinical and histopathological analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma of young patients in Mashhad, Iran : a retrospective study and review of literatures

Objectives: Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is primarily a disease that mainly occurs in males in their sixth and seventh decades of life and is rare in young adults. Study Design: In this retrospective study, records of patients under the age of 40, with the diagnosis of OSCC in the Oral Medicine Department of Mashhad Dental Faculty during the past 13 years were analyzed. Their socioeconomic data, demographic, clinical and histopathological characteristics, risk factors, familial history were assessed and applicable studies and case reports in the literatures were reviewed. PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) analysis was also done for detection of human papilloma virus (HPV). Results: From 158 cases of OSCC diagnosed in our centre, 21 patients were younger than 40 years. Most of them were young men (12 cases). There was no significant risk factor in this group. The most common site of involvement was the tongue. The most common clinical presentation was exophytic lesion with ulcer. No HPV DNA was detected in these patients. Conclusion: Characteristics of OSCC in young patients are different from older age group. Major risk factors (smoking and alcohol consumption and HPV) were not etiologic factors for OSCC in young patients in our province. © Medicina Oral S. L

Myofibroblasts in calcifying odontogenic cyst and dentigerous cyst

Introduction:Calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) is an odontogenic cyst that sometimes shows aggressive behavior, while dentigerous cyst (DC) always has a benign nonaggressive course. There are evidences that myofibroblasts are involved in invasion and their role in biologic behavior of odontogenic cysts has been less understood. So, the aim of the present study was to compare the role of myofibroblasts in COC and DC. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of 20 COCs and 20 DCs were studied. Four-micron sections were prepared from tissue blocks and stained with α-SMA antibody using immunohistochemistry. Percentages of myofibroblasts were semi quantitatively classified into negative (50% of cells were positive). Percentage of myofibroblasts was compared between COC and DC groups using t-test and Chi-Square statistical tests. Results:Means of myofibroblasts percentages in COC and DC groups were respectively 35±33 and 32±30 that did not show significant difference between COC and DC groups (P=0.76). There was not any significant difference between COC and DC groups with respect to semi quantitative classification of percentage of myofibroblasts (P=0.62). Conclusion:Myofibroblasts probably do not play a significant role in different biologic behaviors of calcifying odontogenic and dentigerous cysts

Clinical and histological evaluation of increase in the residual ridge width using mineralized corticocancellous block allografts: A pilot study

Background. Lateral ridge augmentation is conventionally accomplished by means of autogenous bone grafts. However, due to its complications, the application of autogenous bone graft substitutes, e.g. mineralized corticocancellous allograft, is recommended. Methods. In the present study, twelve patients were included, with insufficient alveolar ridge widths in the designated sites for dental implant placement. During the primary surgery, mineralized corticocancellous block allografts were fixed in deficient sites with titanium screws and resorbable collagen membranes were used to cover the blocks. After a period of six months, a flap was raised and variations in ridge width values was measured. Finally, a micro-biopsy was obtained from the sites for histologic investigation prior to preparing them for subsequent implant placement. Results. All the applied blocks were incorporated into the underlying bone except for one. A statistically significant difference was seen between the average ridge widths before placing the allografts compared with that of implant placement stage (2.62±1.02 mm vs. 7.75±1.63 mm, respectively). Vital bone tissue was detected in all the histological specimens obtained from the interface of blocks and the underlying bone. Conclusion. The results suggest that mineralized corticocancellous block allografts might be used as scaffolds for bone growth and ridge width augmentation

The effect of low level laser on condylar growth during mandibular advancement in rabbits

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>It has been shown that Low Level Laser (LLL) has a positive effect on bone formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low level laser on condylar growth during mandibular advancement in rabbits.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>Continuous forward mandibular advancement was performed in fourteen male Albino rabbits with the mean age of 8 weeks and the mean weight of 1.5 ± 0.5 kg, with acrylic inclined planes. The rabbits were randomly assigned into two groups after 4 weeks. LLL (KLO3: wave length 630 nm) was irradiated at 3 points around the TMJ, through the skin in the first group. The exposure was performed for 3 minutes at each point (a total of 9 minutes) once a day for 3 weeks. The control group was not exposed to any irradiation. The rabbits in both groups were sacrificed after two months and the histological evaluation of TMJ was performed to compare fibrous tissue, cartilage, and new bone formation in condylar region in both groups. Disc displacement was also detected in both groups. Student's t-test, Exact Fisher and Chi square tests were used for the statistical analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The formation of fibrous tissue was significantly lower, while bone formation was significantly greater in lased group as compared with control group. The thickness of cartilage did not differ significantly between two groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Irradiation of LLL (KLO3) during mandibular advancement in rabbits, increases bone formation in condylar region, while neither increase in the cartilage thickness nor fibrous tissues was observed.</p

Oral amelanotic melanoma of the maxilla.

Amelanotic melanoma is a variant of malignant melanoma comprising 2% to 8% of all malignant melanomas. The amelanotic presentation of melanoma in the oral cavity is extremely rare and has been reported only occasionally in the literature. Moreover, the lack of melanin makes these tumors difficult to diagnose than that of pigmented lesions and the prognosis tends to be poorer. Herein, we report an amelanotic melanoma involving the oral mucosa of the maxilla in a 27 year-old male

Chemical Preparation of Beta Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Granules with a Special Particle Size as Bone Graft Material

Introduction: Beta calcium sulfate hemihydrate (BCSH), which is commonly known as “Gypsum plaster” has long been used as bone graft material because of its excellent biocompatibility and the ability for bone regeneration. Several methods have been used for the preparation of BCSH, including heat treatment of calcium sulfate dihydrate with water, application of inorganic acids or condensed inorganic salt solutions under high or atmospheric pressure. As a bone graft, it is preferred that the BCSH powder has a granular form for the purpose of manipulation, bio-mechanical properties and ease of injection. Methods: For this study granules of BCSH in the size of 500 to 700 micrometers were manufactured and sterilized using gamma ray. For assessing the regeneration of thismaterial, six rabbits were selected and granules were injected in the bone defects that were made using diamond bur in their skull under general anesthesia. Biopsies for histological evaluations were done 3, 6, 9, 12, 14 and 16 months following surgery. Results: At the third month time-point, remodeling of the BCSH was evident, and complete newly formed bone was seen in the region of the defect. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that BCSH had a good biocompatibility without inducing an inflammatory response and promoted bone healing

Synovial sarcoma of the maxilla: A challenging diagnostic case report and literature review

Abstract Synovial sarcoma, a malignant mesenchymal tumor, is primarily associated with the extremities. Nevertheless, its appearance within the head and neck region, particularly in the maxillary area, is remarkably rare. This rarity underscores the significance of each case in unraveling the complexities of its behavior and management strategies. The core focus of this research is a detailed case report involving a 6‐year‐old female patient who presented with a conspicuous swelling in the left posterior maxilla. Subsequent incisional biopsy led to microscopic identification of malignant spindle cell proliferation, marked by dysplastic changes, and abundant mitoses. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis demonstrated negative reactivity for neural and muscular markers, while positive expression of Vimentin, Bcl‐2, and TLE1. These morphological and IHC findings coalesced to definitively diagnose synovial sarcoma, substantiated by a notable 40% Ki67 proliferative index. The chosen treatment strategy encompassed surgery and radiotherapy, which yielded successful outcomes, with no recurrence observed during the one‐year follow‐up period. Beyond the specific case, this article undertakes a review of existing literature, meticulously analyzing nine similar cases reported in scholarly sources

Primary Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Maxillary Vestibule: Report of a Rare Case

Introduction: Lymphoma is the malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes which is divided into 2 categories: Hodgkin and Non- Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The occurrence of primary lymphoma in oral cavity is uncommon and comprises only 2% of all extra-nodal lymphomas. The aim of this study was introduction of a case of NHL in oral cavity, presenting the related signs and its differentiation from similar lesions.Case report: A 72 year old man referred with complaint of a swelling in left side of the face and demanding to extract the loosen tooth. The swelling had been present for one year accompanying pain and the lesion had been treated as a dental infection. The pain had subsided but swelling had slow growing after medical treatment. Intraoral examination, revealed a swelling with rubbery consistency in depth of left maxillary vestibule extending to the tuberosity. Second premolar tooth was loosen (third degree). In panoramic view, there was an ill-defined radiolucency from mesial of second premolar to distal of alveolar ridge. This tooth had floating in air view. Incisional biopsy was made under the diagnosis of salivary or mesenchymal tumor. According to histopathology and immunohistochemistry reports, lesion was diagnosed as a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The patient was referred to oncologist for treatment.Conclusion: As some of the signs and symptoms of oral lymphoma may be mistaken with dental infections, it is important for a dentist to detect its signs and symptoms and make in time referral