Using rainfall simulation and tracer anions to study the effects of soil bulk density and soil moisture on nitrate leaching characteristics

Potential NO3-N leaching losses with subsurface drainage are of considerable concern, particularly in the Midwest. The overall purpose of this research was to study the effects of soil bulk density in the zone of N application and initial soil moisture on NO3-N leaching from surface soil during the laboratory rainfall simulation with the help of tracer anions. Simulated rainfall was applied at an intensity of 6.5 cm h−1 for 70 min to soil pans with compacted soil bars, containing additional NO3-N, of 1.10, 1.33, 1.57, and 1.81 g cm−3 bulk density and initial soil moisture contents of 10 and 15% by mass. Surface runoff, subsurface drainage, and soil and sand extract samples were analyzed for NO3-N, Br, and Cl concentrations. Surface runoff losses of NO3-N and Br were greater at 15% moisture content because of greater runoff volumes. Higher bulk density in the zone of N application caused lower concentrations and losses of NO3-N in the subsurface drainage, resulting in a significant difference between bulk densities. The 15% moisture content produced less NO3-N leaching losses because subsurface drainage began later and had lesser volume. Nitrate-nitrogen mass balance indicated that higher bulk densities and moisture content resulted in retention of greater amounts of NO3-N in soil. Bromide concentrations and losses and Cl losses in subsurface drainage were lower at 15% moisture content

Limit Cycle, Trophic Function and the Dynamics of Intersectoral Interaction

Abstract: An article develops an idea of implementing the trophic functions in Volterra's "predator-prey" model to the linked intersectoral dynamics of the outputs. The concept of trophic functions and limit cycles are used as key factors in defining the parameters of stable economic dynamics. Two trophic functions for "cars-rolled steel" and "cars-oil products" were built in the article. These empirically based trophic functions were analytically reviewed and constructed in the article providing a tool in the analyses and forecasting of the linked dynamics of the parameters under consideration

Kirghizistan. Un scénario où ceux qui partent perdent autant que ceux qui restent

Ancienne république d’URSS, le Kirghizistan est encadré par la Chine à l’est et au sud-est, le Kazakhstan au nord, l’Ouzbékistan à l’ouest et le Tadjikistan au sud-ouest. Extrêmement montagneux, soumis à une forte activité sismique, le pays a longtemps servi de réservoir d’uranium pour le programme nucléaire soviétique. Face aux risques naturels et à la destruction des sols, les Kirghizes, qui tirent une grande part de leurs ressources de l’élevage du bétail, sont forcés de migrer. Mais il est difficile d’échapper à la pollution dans la plus grande décharge nucléaire d’Asie centrale

Substantiation of Parameters of Working Body of the Combined Unit for Repeated Crops

In article the substantiation technological and design data depth of immersing, a corner of a point of a disk, diameter of a disk of the adaptation to a general purpose plough is considered

Regional change in Kyrgystan : bazaars, open-air markets and social networks

Recent interest in economic analysis of regional change has revealed and emphasized the uniqueness of regional economies and the significance of regional relational assets expressed in social capital and social infrastructure. This research aims to analyse the role of regional relational assets in economic development of parts of Kyrgyzstan as expressed in the development of markets in that country. It does so in two stages. First, through the analysis of three open air markets/bazaars in two culturally different regions: Northern and Southern Kyrgyzstan. By analysing and comparing the economic performances of three markets (as a dependent variable) and relational assets and social networks shaping the activities on the market (as an independent variable) this research reveals how cultural and relational differences of two regions are reflected in the economic performances of these markets. Secondly, the research compares the economic performance and relational characteristics of three distinct ethnic groups of merchants: Kyrgyz, Russian and Uzbek. The research establishes a link between the complexity of trading operations on these markets on one side and the nature of relational assets of traders on the other. It also reveals a deeper connection between the inherent but evolving cultural qualities of three ethnic groups and their role in the market activity. Findings of this study show that markets in Kyrgyzstan arid this informal trade emerging from the ground up play a very important role in the economic development of Central Asia. Markets are proven to be very territorial institutions reflecting both geographic and cultural uniqueness of their location. The key cultural factor distinguishing the relational assets of three ethnic groups is the role of family networks. By analysing the importance of family in the life Kyrgyz, Russian and Uzbek merchants the research starts constructing the notion of truly Central Asian perspective on sustainable economic development and gives recommendations to the economic policy formulation

Advantages of koradario in irrigated agriculture in the Fergana valley

The author, on the basis of various historical, ethnographic, and geographical sources, analyzes the formation of the Kara Darya River and its tributaries, the physical and chemical composition of its water, and the historical terminology of the river that plays an important role in irrigated agriculture in the Fergana Valley

10. Translocality and the Folding of Post-Soviet Urban Space in Bishkek: Hijrah from ‘Botanika’ to ‘Botanicheskii Jamaat’

Somewhere beyond right and wrong there is a garden. I will meet you there.Rumi Botanika: 70–80s, 90s and 2000s I live in the ninth micro-district in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan. Every Friday, I come home from my work around 1pm, take a shower and go to the mosque, which is located just across the small Ala-Archa River in Ata-Tyurk Park, formerly known as Park Druzby (Friendship Park). The official name of this mosque is Toiiba, but it is better known as the KASI Mechet. It is a large m..

Using rainfall simulation and tracer anions to study the effects of soil bulk density and soil moisture on nitrate leaching characteristics

Potential NO3-N leaching losses with subsurface drainage are of considerable concern, particularly in the Midwest. The overall purpose of this research was to study the effects of soil bulk density in the zone of N application and initial soil moisture on NO3-N leaching from surface soil during the laboratory rainfall simulation with the help of tracer anions. Simulated rainfall was applied at an intensity of 6.5 cm h−1 for 70 min to soil pans with compacted soil bars, containing additional NO3-N, of 1.10, 1.33, 1.57, and 1.81 g cm−3 bulk density and initial soil moisture contents of 10 and 15% by mass. Surface runoff, subsurface drainage, and soil and sand extract samples were analyzed for NO3-N, Br, and Cl concentrations. Surface runoff losses of NO3-N and Br were greater at 15% moisture content because of greater runoff volumes. Higher bulk density in the zone of N application caused lower concentrations and losses of NO3-N in the subsurface drainage, resulting in a significant difference between bulk densities. The 15% moisture content produced less NO3-N leaching losses because subsurface drainage began later and had lesser volume. Nitrate-nitrogen mass balance indicated that higher bulk densities and moisture content resulted in retention of greater amounts of NO3-N in soil. Bromide concentrations and losses and Cl losses in subsurface drainage were lower at 15% moisture content.</p

Investigation and substantiation of the parameters of the plow body angle lift

Currently plowing fields from under various agricultural crops is carried out with reverse plows in Uzbekistan. Their use can dramatically reduce labor and money costs for conducting current and capital field planning. With the supply of energy-rich wheeled tractors to the Republic of Uzbekistan, one of the most effective ways to increase the productivity of plowing units at present is to increase the plow's working width by increasing the number of housings. Increasing the number of hulls on revolving ploughs, equipped with pre-ploughs, this leads to a sharp increase in the metal and energy consumption of ploughs, since the latter have a double number of working elements. Therefore, an important role is played by the optimal placement of plow bodies along the plow course and the maximum reduction of distances between them, when using angle plates on the bodies instead of traditional pre-plows. The article discusses experimental influence of the angle-lift radius of curvature, the installation height, and the installation angles in the longitudinally-vertical and transversely-vertical planes on the traction resistance of the hull and the depth of embedding of plant remains was studied by MRI