Nutrient N-p in Coastal Waters of Pangkep, South Sulawesi

The coastal waters of Pangkep have received much run-off land from agricultural activities, along streams with aquaculture activities and agriculture which provide a large supply of fertilizers containing N and P. This study aims to determine and analyze the variability of N and P extraction from activity agriculture in the flow up to the estuary. Water sampling was conducted from July to August 2017 (dry season) in coastal waters of Pangkep river with stations based on run-off type ie agricultural and household disposal (P1); river flow (P2); pond disposal (P3); pond entrance (P4); river mouth (P5, P6, P7). The results showed that the concentration of N-P at each station ranged from 0.79-1.87 mg-N/L; 0.09-0.14 mg-P/L (P1), 0.61-1.55 mg-N/L; 0.07-0.17 mg-P/L (P2), 0.51-0.77 mg-N/L; 0.08-0.13 mg-P/L (P3), 0.42-1.0 mg-N/L; 0.05-0.12 mg-P/L (P4), 0.36-0.78 mg-N/L; 0.07-0.12 mg-P/L (P5), 0.74-1.88 mg-N/L; 0.06-0.13 mg-P/L (P6), 0.44-1.16 mg-N/L; and 0.07-0.10 mg-P/L (P7). Agricultural, household and aquaculture significant to the average of ammonia discharge to the coastal area of Pangkep with agricultural and household activities is the largest N element supplier that is about 21.56%

Ratio of Nutrient and Diatom-dinoflagellate Community in Spermonde Waters, South Sulawesi

Runoff of nutrients (N, P, Si) from the mainland would disrupt the balance of nutrients in the waters resulted in changing microalgae communities composition, especially between diatom and dino-flagellate (Dia/Dino). This study was aimed to analyze the relationship of nutrient ratios (N/P, N/Si, Si/P) in the waters, to the density ratio of the Dia/Dino in the coastal and marine waters of Spermonde archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, which experience nutrient enrichment. Nutrients and phyto-plankton samples were collected from the coastal waters of Tallo, Maros, Pangkep, and seawaters of Spermonde in three seasons (transition, wet, and dry). The results showed the average value (± stan-dard deviation) of Dia/Dino ratio in the coastal and sea waters is 1422±1742 and 1174±1290 in the transition season; 238±205 and 1039±2264 in the dry season; and 153±270 and 72±71in the rainy season. Meanwhile, in the marine waters the ratio of Dia/Dino ranges between 1 and 9839. The ratio of Dia/Dino was not different significantly (p>0,05) by spatial and temporal, but Dia/Dino ratio was different significantly (p<0,05) on the ratio of nutrients in coastal waters, where the value of N/Si ratio tends to ignite monospesies enrichment diatom (Chaetoceros) with a variant of 70,4%

Peningkatan Produksi Naupli Melalui Aplikasi Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) Bubuk Pada Induk Jantan Udang Vaname (Litopeneaus vannamei)

Permasalahan yang sering dihadapi dalam kegiatan pembenihan udang vaname yaitu produksi naupli rendah. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dengan melakukan pemberian pakan bernutrisi pada induk. Pengkayaan nutrisi pada pakan dengan penambahan paprika bubuk dapat menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas induk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensi aplikasi paprika bubuk pada induk jantan dalam meningkatkan produksi naupli udang vaname. Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan yaitu pemilihan induk, aklimatisasi, manajemen kualitas air, manajemen pakan, manajemen induk (ablasi, pemijahan, peneluran, penetasan, dan panen naupli). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara partisipasi aktif, observasi, wawancara dengan teknisi lapangan, dan penelitian literatur. Data yang diperoleh disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh diketahui bahwa tingkat mating rate dan spawning rate induk udang vaname  yaitu 81,2%  dan  97,7%, dengan rata-rata produksi naupli yaitu 363.109 ekor naupli/ekor induk memijah/hari. Jumlah produksi naupli tersebut sangat tinggi, sehingga penggunaan paprika bubuk 5%/kg pakan cumi-cumi yang diberikan pada induk jantan sangat signifikan meningkatkan produksi naupli udang vaname

Spatio-temporal patterns in coral reef communities of the Spermonde Archipelago, 2012-2014, I: Comprehensive reef monitoring of water and benthic indicators reflect changes in reef health

Pollution, fishing, and outbreaks of predators can heavily impact coastal coral reef ecosystems, leading to decreased water quality and benthic community shifts. To determine the main environmental drivers of coral reef status in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, we monitored environmental variables and coral reef benthic community structure along an on-to-offshore gradient annually from 2012 to 2014. Findings revealed that concentrations of phosphate, chlorophyll a-like fluorescence, suspended particulate matter, and light attenuation significantly decreased from on-to-offshore, while concentrations of dissolved O2 and values of water pH significantly increased on-to-offshore. Nitrogen stable isotope signatures of sediment and an exemplary common brown alga were significantly enriched nearshore, identifying wastewater input from the city of Makassar as primary N source. In contrast to the high temporal variability in water quality, coral reef benthic community cover did not show strong temporal, but rather, spatial patterns. Turf algae was the dominant group next to live coral, and was negatively correlated to live coral, crustose coralline algae (CCA), rubble and hard substrate. Variation in benthic cover along the gradient was explained by water quality variables linked to trophic status and physico-chemical variables. As an integrated measure of reef status and structural complexity, the benthic index, based on the ratio of relative cover of live coral and CCA to other coral reef organisms, and reef rugosity were determined. The benthic index was consistently low nearshore and increased offshore, with high variability in the midshelf sites across years. Reef rugosity was also lowest nearshore and increased further offshore. Both indices dropped in 2013, increasing again in 2014, indicating a period of acute disturbance and recovery within the study and suggesting that the mid-shelf reefs are more resilient to disturbance than nearshore reefs. We thus recommend using these two indices with a selected number of environmental variables as an integral part of future reef monitoring

Kearifan Lokal dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris: Sarana Meningkatkan Keterampilan Pelajar Bahasa Inggris Dewasa

This study aims at investigating the effect of the integrated local wisdom on English Learning at university Students. The research employed a quasi-experimental design. The experimental class was taught by implementing the integrated local wisdom on English Learning and the non-experimental class by conventional strategy. The subject was the 152 second semester students of Non-English Language teaching Department, Al Asyariah Mandar University. The sample was randomly selected to be one of the classes into the experimental group and the other one into the control group. Since the statistical assumptions were not fulfilled in this study therefore, the data were analyzed by utilizing non parametric testing: Mann–Whitney U and Kruskall-Wallis. The mean score of the students' reading comprehension achievement in the end of the study was 79.63 in the experimental group while the mean score of the students' achievement in control group was 56.76 and the p-value was .000, meaning was smaller than level of significance 0.05 (sig 0.000 < 0.05). The finding showed that the integrated local wisdom on English Learning statistically impacted students' skill using English as Communication devise in daily life compared to one taught using the Conventional strategy

Spatio-Temporal Patterns in Coral Reef Communities of the Spermonde Archipelago, 2012–2014, I: Comprehensive Reef Monitoring of Water and Benthic Indicators Reflect Changes in Reef Health

Pollution, fishing, and outbreaks of predators can heavily impact coastal coral reef ecosystems, leading to decreased water quality and benthic community shifts. To determine the main environmental drivers of coral reef status in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, we monitored environmental variables and coral reef benthic community structure along an on-to-offshore gradient annually from 2012 to 2014. Findings revealed that concentrations of phosphate, chlorophyll a-like fluorescence, suspended particulate matter, and light attenuation significantly decreased from on-to-offshore, while concentrations of dissolved O2 and values of water pH significantly increased on-to-offshore. Nitrogen stable isotope signatures of sediment and an exemplary common brown alga were significantly enriched nearshore, identifying wastewater input from the city of Makassar as primary N source. In contrast to the high temporal variability in water quality, coral reef benthic community cover did not show strong temporal, but rather, spatial patterns. Turf algae was the dominant group next to live coral, and was negatively correlated to live coral, crustose coralline algae (CCA), rubble and hard substrate. Variation in benthic cover along the gradient was explained by water quality variables linked to trophic status and physico-chemical variables. As an integrated measure of reef status and structural complexity, the benthic index, based on the ratio of relative cover of live coral and CCA to other coral reef organisms, and reef rugosity were determined. The benthic index was consistently low nearshore and increased offshore, with high variability in the midshelf sites across years. Reef rugosity was also lowest nearshore and increased further offshore. Both indices dropped in 2013, increasing again in 2014, indicating a period of acute disturbance and recovery within the study and suggesting that the mid-shelf reefs are more resilient to disturbance than nearshore reefs. We thus recommend using these two indices with a selected number of environmental variables as an integral part of future reef monitoring

Table1.DOCX

<p>Pollution, fishing, and outbreaks of predators can heavily impact coastal coral reef ecosystems, leading to decreased water quality and benthic community shifts. To determine the main environmental drivers of coral reef status in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, we monitored environmental variables and coral reef benthic community structure along an on-to-offshore gradient annually from 2012 to 2014. Findings revealed that concentrations of phosphate, chlorophyll a-like fluorescence, suspended particulate matter, and light attenuation significantly decreased from on-to-offshore, while concentrations of dissolved O₂ and values of water pH significantly increased on-to-offshore. Nitrogen stable isotope signatures of sediment and an exemplary common brown alga were significantly enriched nearshore, identifying wastewater input from the city of Makassar as primary N source. In contrast to the high temporal variability in water quality, coral reef benthic community cover did not show strong temporal, but rather, spatial patterns. Turf algae was the dominant group next to live coral, and was negatively correlated to live coral, crustose coralline algae (CCA), rubble and hard substrate. Variation in benthic cover along the gradient was explained by water quality variables linked to trophic status and physico-chemical variables. As an integrated measure of reef status and structural complexity, the benthic index, based on the ratio of relative cover of live coral and CCA to other coral reef organisms, and reef rugosity were determined. The benthic index was consistently low nearshore and increased offshore, with high variability in the midshelf sites across years. Reef rugosity was also lowest nearshore and increased further offshore. Both indices dropped in 2013, increasing again in 2014, indicating a period of acute disturbance and recovery within the study and suggesting that the mid-shelf reefs are more resilient to disturbance than nearshore reefs. We thus recommend using these two indices with a selected number of environmental variables as an integral part of future reef monitoring.</p

Table3.DOCX

<p>Pollution, fishing, and outbreaks of predators can heavily impact coastal coral reef ecosystems, leading to decreased water quality and benthic community shifts. To determine the main environmental drivers of coral reef status in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, we monitored environmental variables and coral reef benthic community structure along an on-to-offshore gradient annually from 2012 to 2014. Findings revealed that concentrations of phosphate, chlorophyll a-like fluorescence, suspended particulate matter, and light attenuation significantly decreased from on-to-offshore, while concentrations of dissolved O₂ and values of water pH significantly increased on-to-offshore. Nitrogen stable isotope signatures of sediment and an exemplary common brown alga were significantly enriched nearshore, identifying wastewater input from the city of Makassar as primary N source. In contrast to the high temporal variability in water quality, coral reef benthic community cover did not show strong temporal, but rather, spatial patterns. Turf algae was the dominant group next to live coral, and was negatively correlated to live coral, crustose coralline algae (CCA), rubble and hard substrate. Variation in benthic cover along the gradient was explained by water quality variables linked to trophic status and physico-chemical variables. As an integrated measure of reef status and structural complexity, the benthic index, based on the ratio of relative cover of live coral and CCA to other coral reef organisms, and reef rugosity were determined. The benthic index was consistently low nearshore and increased offshore, with high variability in the midshelf sites across years. Reef rugosity was also lowest nearshore and increased further offshore. Both indices dropped in 2013, increasing again in 2014, indicating a period of acute disturbance and recovery within the study and suggesting that the mid-shelf reefs are more resilient to disturbance than nearshore reefs. We thus recommend using these two indices with a selected number of environmental variables as an integral part of future reef monitoring.</p

Table4.DOCX

<p>Pollution, fishing, and outbreaks of predators can heavily impact coastal coral reef ecosystems, leading to decreased water quality and benthic community shifts. To determine the main environmental drivers of coral reef status in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, we monitored environmental variables and coral reef benthic community structure along an on-to-offshore gradient annually from 2012 to 2014. Findings revealed that concentrations of phosphate, chlorophyll a-like fluorescence, suspended particulate matter, and light attenuation significantly decreased from on-to-offshore, while concentrations of dissolved O₂ and values of water pH significantly increased on-to-offshore. Nitrogen stable isotope signatures of sediment and an exemplary common brown alga were significantly enriched nearshore, identifying wastewater input from the city of Makassar as primary N source. In contrast to the high temporal variability in water quality, coral reef benthic community cover did not show strong temporal, but rather, spatial patterns. Turf algae was the dominant group next to live coral, and was negatively correlated to live coral, crustose coralline algae (CCA), rubble and hard substrate. Variation in benthic cover along the gradient was explained by water quality variables linked to trophic status and physico-chemical variables. As an integrated measure of reef status and structural complexity, the benthic index, based on the ratio of relative cover of live coral and CCA to other coral reef organisms, and reef rugosity were determined. The benthic index was consistently low nearshore and increased offshore, with high variability in the midshelf sites across years. Reef rugosity was also lowest nearshore and increased further offshore. Both indices dropped in 2013, increasing again in 2014, indicating a period of acute disturbance and recovery within the study and suggesting that the mid-shelf reefs are more resilient to disturbance than nearshore reefs. We thus recommend using these two indices with a selected number of environmental variables as an integral part of future reef monitoring.</p