Propolis: Chemical Composition and Its Applications in Endodontics

Introduction: The aim of this study was to review the chemical composition of propolis and its application in endodontics. Methods and Materials: For this purpose, keywords were searched on ScienceDirect, PubMed and World of Chemicals databases in order to find published papers from 1988 to February 2018. Results: There are many different compounds in propolis of different geographic regions; flavonoids are one of the most important agents which have anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and antioxidant effects. According to the mentioned properties, propolis can be used as a canal irrigation solution as well as intracanal medicament in endodontic treatments. Studies have shown that propolis as a storage medium is capable of maintaining the vitality of the periodontal ligaments cells and also has the ability to inhibit osteoclastic activity due to one of the active compounds present in it. In vital pulp therapy, propolis can induce the production of tubular dentin and also decrease the inflammation of the pulp. Conclusion: Considering the propolis components like resin, pollen, vitamins, flavonoids and phenols; it can be used for various purposes in endodontics and would have a promising role in future medicine as well as dentistry.Keywords: Dentistry; Endodontics; Flavonoids; Honeybee; Phenols; Propoli

Topographic Evaluation of Apex and Root Canal of Maxillary Premolars in an Iranian Population

Objective: Knowledge about the internal anatomy of the root canal and apical foramen is a critical prerequisite for root canal therapy and is necessary for the success of endodontic treatment. This study aimed to determine the distance of apical foramen from the anatomical apex and apical constriction, evaluate the deviation of apical foramen from the anatomical apex and specify the most common canal types in maxillary premolar teeth using stereomicroscope.Methods: In this laboratory experimental study, 100 extracted first and second maxillary premolars of patients presenting to dental clinics in Tehran were selected. After the disinfection of roots and access cavity preparation, apical foramen deviation and its distance from the anatomical apex were determined by introducing a #10 hand file into the canal and observation under stereomicroscope; 2% methylene blue was then injected into the canals and demineralization and clearing process were carried out to measure the distance of apical foramen from the apical constriction and evaluate the canal type.Results: The mean distance of apical foramen from the anatomical apex and apical constriction was 0.4-0.5 and 0.5-0.7 mm, respectively in maxillary first premolars and 0.3-0.7 and 0.6-1 mm, respectively in maxillary second premolars. In less than 17% of first premolars and 37% of second premolars, the canal followed a straight path to the anatomical apex without any deviation towards the mesiodistal or buccolingual directions. The most common canal type according to Vertucci’s classification was type IV in the first and type I in the second premolars. In general, 94% (n=47) of the first premolars and 46% (n=23) of the second premolars had 2 canals while the remaining teeth had a single canal.Conclusion: This study showed that the apical foramen in premolar teeth is located at a 0.3-0.7 mm distance from the anatomical apex and 0.5-1 mm distance from the apical constriction. In more than 83% of first premolars and 63% of second premolars the apical foramen did not correspond to the anatomical apex. First and second premolars had 2 canals in 94% and 46% of cases, respectively

The Effects of Propolis on Discoloration of Teeth

Objective: Propolis is a resinous material produced by honeybees that has recently gained fame as an antimicrobial agent. This study sought to assess the effects of propolis as an intra-canal medicament on tooth discoloration. The effect of its application technique on the degree of discoloration was investigated as well.Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 40 intact anterior human teeth. After access cavity and canal preparation, the teeth were randomly divided into three groups. In group A, propolis was placed inside the canals and pulp chamber. In group B, propolis was used as an intracanal medicament. Group C was considered as the control group and saline solution was injected into the canals. Labial surfaces of all teeth were digitally photographed using a digital camera (Fujifilm at one day, one week, 2 weeks, one month and 2 months time points. Color of teeth was assessed and measured at incisal, middle, and cervical segments using the CIELab system and Photoshop  software. Collected data at different time points were statistically analyzed.Results: The overall color change in the two groups of A and B was significantly different from the control group (P<0.001). Significant changes in color were also noticed in follow up sessions in groups A and B (P<0.001). At 2 months, the difference in overall color change between incisal, middle and cervical thirds of teeth in groups A and B was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, application of propolis as an intracanal medicament can lead to clinical color changes in tooth crown. Its application technique has no effect on the degree of discoloration

Coronal sealing ability of three temporary filling materials

Introduction: Providing adequate coronal seal of temporary filling materials is critical for the success of root canal therapy. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare coronal seal ability of three restorative materials over different periods of time.Materials and Methods: Ninety-eight molar teeth were selected. Once access cavities were prepared, teeth were divided randomly into three time groups (1 day, 1 week, and 4 weeks). Each group was then subdivided into three groups of 10 teeth. Each subgroup was restored using one of three restorative materials including Coltosol, Cavizol and Zonalin and then incubated in distilled water at 37ºC. The samples were then immersed in 2% methylene blue dye. After rinsing and drying, teeth were sectioned longitudinally and examined for dye penetration. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data.Results: All experimented materials showed increasing leakage from the 1st day to the 4th week. Zonalin showed more leakage than Coltosol and Cavizol at each time interval (

Comparative Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Clearing Technique in Studying Root Canal and Apical Morphology of Mandibular Canines

Introduction: Knowledge about root canal anatomy improves the long-term prognosis of endodontic treatment. This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in assessment of morphology of root canal and apex in mandibular canines compared with the clearing technique. Methods and Material: In this in vitro study, 33 extracted mandibular canines were subjected to CBCT with 0.1 mm voxel size. Number and type of canals, prevalence of accessory canals, anastomosis, apical delta and distance from apical constriction (AC) to apical foramen (AF) and to anatomic apex (AA) and also distance from AF to the AA were determined on CBCT scans. After access cavity preparation, a #8 K file was passed through the main apical foramen. Its direction and distance from anatomic apex was determined under a stereomicroscope. After clearing and staining of teeth, other criteria were determined with stereomicroscope under 16× magnification and served for comparison with CBCT data. The agreement of two methods were evaluated by intra-class correlation and kappa coefficients for quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Results: Most (93.9%) canine teeth were Vertucci’s type I, followed by type III configuration in both CBCT and clearing techniques. The results of both techniques were not in agreement for assessment of accessory canals, however acceptable agreement was noted between them for detection of apical delta and also assessment of apical foramen deviation in buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. Both of two techniques had excellent agreement for evaluating the distances from AF to AA, AC to AF and AC to AA. Conclusions: CBCT is a reliable tool in assessment of root canal and apical topography in mandibular canines, however its use in accessory canal detection is not recommended.Keywords: Canine Tooth; Clearing Technique; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Tooth Ape

Effective Factors on Oral Health-Promoting Behaviors among Elementary School Students Based on BASNEF Model

Effective Factors on Oral Health-Promoting Behaviors among Elementary School Students Based on BASNEF Model Naseri Pour Takallo Zohreh1, Ahmadi Tabatabaei Seyed Vahid2, Zolala Farzaneh3, Mohseni Mohabbat4* 1. Msc Student, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 2. Assistant Professor, Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 3. Associate Professor , Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute of Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 4. Assistant Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran *Correspondence: Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Health School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Haft-Bagh Road , Kerman, Iran. Email: [email protected] Tel: 03431325098 Fax: 03431325094 Abstract: Introduction: Oral diseases are the most common diseases in the world, and among them, tooth decay is the most common problem. The aim of this study was to determine the effective factors on oral health-promoting behaviors among elementary school students of Baft based on BASNEF Model in 2015. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 elementary school students who were selected using multistage random sampling method. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire including 62 questions consisted of two parts: demographic information and constructs of BASNEF model (attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention, enabling factors, and behaviors). Data were analyzed using SPSS 16. Results: Score of oral health-promoting behaviors in 74% of the students was moderate and in 20% of the students was good. Statistically significant relationship was observed between oral health-promoting behaviors of the students and class grades (P=0.004), mother's education (P=0.004), father's education (P=0.034), and father's occupation (P=0.007). Among the constructs of BASNEF model, enabling factors (β=0.511) and then behavioral intentions (β=0.426) were the strongest predicting factors of oral health behavior. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, enabling factors were the most effective constructs of oral health-promoting behaviors; therefore, oral health promoters are recommended to focus on this issue. Key¬words: Health Promotion, Oral Health, Students, BASNEF Model Citation: Naseri Pour Takallo Z, Ahmadi Tabatabaei SV, Zolala F, Mohseni M. Effective Factors on Oral Health-Promoting Behaviors among Elementary School Students Based on BASNEF Model. Journal of Health Based Research 2016; 2(3): 259-273

Preparation and Quality Control of the [153Sm]-Samarium Maltolate Complex as a Lanthanide Mobilization Product in Rats

Development of lanthanide detoxification agents and protocols is of great importance in management of overdoses. Due to safety of maltol as a detoxifying agent in metal overloads, it can be used as a lanthanide detoxifying agent. In order to demonstrate the biodistribution of final complex, [153Sm]-samarium maltolate was prepared using Sm-153 chloride (radiochemical purity >99.9%; ITLC and specific activity). The stability of the labeled compound was determined in the final solution up to 24h as well as the partition coefficient. Biodistribution studies of Sm-153 chloride, [153Sm]-samarium maltolate were carried out in wild-type rats comparing the critical organ uptakes. Comparative study for Sm3+ cation and the labeled compound was conducted up to 48 h, demonstrating a more rapid wash out for the labeled compound. The effective and biological half lives of 2.3 h and 2.46h were calculated for the complex. The data suggest the detoxification property of maltol formulation for lanthanide overdoses

Comparative Evaluation of the Viability of L929 Murine Fibroblasts in the Presence of Different Concentrations of Propolis with and without Vitamin C as a Storage Medium for Avulsed Teeth

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the optimal concentration of propolis with and without vitamin C as a storage medium for avulsed teeth Methods: Following the preparation of L929 murine fibroblasts suspension, 5,000 cells were seeded to each well of a 96-well plate. After 24 h, the culture medium was replaced with 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, 0.0005, 0.0001, and 0.00005 concentrations of propolis(P) and propolis plus vitamin C(PC) using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium. After 2, 24, and 72 h of incubation, the percentage of cell viability was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, compared to the negative control group. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (version 21). Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the means, while Tukey’s test was applied for pairwise comparisons.  Results: After 2 h, only the difference between the 0.001 concentration of P and PC was significant (P<0.005), such that cell viability was higher in the latter group. After 24 h, cell viability in 0.0005 and 0.00005 concentrations of P was significantly higher than that in the PC group. However, no significant difference was noted after 72 h. Conclusion: Cell viability was retained in all concentrations of propolis with or without vitamin C. On the other hand, with an increase in the concentration of propolis, cell viability decreased. Although PC was superior to propolis alone in cell viability; however, this effect decreased over time such that no significant difference was noted after 72 h

Early versus delayed initiation of nasal continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature newborns: A randomized clinical trial

Background: This prospective study was performed to identify whether the early use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (n CPAP) would reduce the rate of endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation and surfactant administration. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from June 2009 to September 2010 in the Shahid Beheshti University Hospital, Isfahan-Iran. A total of 72 preterm infants with 25-30 weeks gestation who needed respiratory support at 5 min after birth entered the study. Infants were randomly assigned to the very early CPAP (initiated 5 min after birth) or to the late CPAP (initiated 30 min after birth) treatment groups. The primary outcomes were need for intubation and mechanical ventilation during the first 48 h after birth and secondary outcomes were death, pneumothorax, intraventricular hemorrhage, duration of mechanical ventilation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to mortality rate, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and patent ductus arteriosus. The need for surfactant administration was significantly reduced in the early CPAP group (P = 0.04). Infants in the early CPAP group less frequently required intubation and mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: Early n CPAP is more effective than late n CPAP for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, the early use of n CPAP would reduce the need for some invasive procedures such as intubation and mechanical ventilation

Undergraduate Dental Students’ Perspectives on Anxiety Triggers during Clinical Endodontic Treatment: A Qualitative Study

Objectives Dental students experiencing stress and anxiety employ various coping strategies. Therefore, understanding these experiences is crucial for designing effective interventions. This qualitative study aimed to explore the coping strategies used by endodontic students at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. Methods A qualitative content analysis was conducted on 10 purposively selected students from the Department of Endodontics at the Faculty of Dentistry in 2019. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted over three months. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was performed using the Dickelman’s method. Results After coding the interview transcripts, four major themes related to student anxiety were identified: “endodontic department”, “education”, “clinical practice”, and “students”. According to the findings, the main sources of anxiety among students in dental education were professor-student interactions, challenging preclinical courses, the clinical learning environment, and a perceived lack of support. Conclusion While some students demonstrated resilience, others struggled with ineffective coping strategies, potentially affecting their learning and wellbeing. The study identified various sources of anxiety among dental students, including curriculum factors, interactions with the faculty and staff, clinic facilities and equipment, radiography procedures, and preclinical training. Overall, the findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to improve the educational environment