Effect of Testosterone Enanthate Modeling of Polycystic Ovary on Liver Irs-2 mRNA Expression in Rats: A Brief Report

هناك العديد من النماذج الحيوانية لتكيس المبايض (PCO). يعد استخدام إينونثات التستوستيرون الخارجي إحدى طرق تحريض هذه النماذج. ومع ذلك ، يجب أيضًا دراسة تحريض مقاومة الأنسولين في تقنيات النماذج. لذلك ، تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى التحقق من تعبير ركيزة مستقبلات الأنسولين (Irs) -2 mRNA في أنسجة الكبد لنموذج PCO الفئران. تم تقسيم تسعة عشر من قئران ويستار إلى ثلاث مجموعات. (1) تلقت مجموعة نمذجة PCO (N = 7) يوميًا 1.0 مجم / 100 جرام من إينونثات التستوستيرون المذاب في زيت الزيتون جنبًا إلى جنب مع الوصول الحر الى ماء الدكستروز ذي  التركيز 5 ٪ ، (2) مجموعة المركبات (N = 6) ، والتي تم التعامل معها مثل مجموعة PCO ، لكنهم لم يتلقوا إينونثات التستوستيرون، (3) مجموعة التحكم (N = 6) مع الرعاية المنتظمة. تم حقن جميع الحيوانات داخل الصفاق لمدة 14 يومًا. تمت دراسة التعبير عن Irs-2 mRNA باستخدام PCR في الوقت الفعلي وتم الإبلاغ عن تغييرات الطي (FC). تم اعتبار متوسط التعبير في المجموعة الضابطة بمثابة المعيار. تم العثور على حوالي 13.4 ٪ تقليل التعبير في مجموعة PCO (FC = 0.874 ، قيمة P = 0.043). لم يتم العثور على انخفاض كبير في مجموعة المركبات (FC = 0.951 ، قيمة P = 0.076). ومع ذلك ، لم يُظهر تحليل التباين فرقًا معنويًا بين جميع مجموعات الدراسة (قيمة P = 0.085). قد يؤدي النموذج الحالي لـ PCO إلى مقاومة الأنسولين على مستوى الكبد بحجم تأثير منخفض عن طريق تقليل تعبير mRNA عن Irs-2. يُقترح دراسة الجينات والجزيئات المعنية في الأنسجة الأخرى لنماذج حيوانية PCO.There are many animal models for polycystic ovary (PCO); using exogenous testosterone enanthate is one of the methods of induction of these models. However, induction of insulin resistance should also be studied in the modeling technics. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the expression of insulin receptor substrate (Irs)-2 mRNA in the liver tissue of rat PCO model. Nineteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups; (1) PCO modeling group (N =7) received daily 1.0 mg/100g testosterone enanthate solved in olive oil along with free access dextrose water 5%, (2) vehicle group (N =6), which handled like the PCO group, but did not receive testosterone enanthate, (3) control group (N =6) with standard care. All the animals were administered via intra-peritoneal injection for 14 days. Expression of Irs-2 mRNA was studied with real-time PCR and fold changes (FC) were reported. The average of expression in the control group was considered as the calibrator. About 13.4% expression reduction was found in the PCO group (FC =0.874, P-value =0.043). No significant reduction was found in the vehicle group (FC =0.951, P-value =0.076). However, analysis of variance did not show a significant difference between all the groups of study (P-value =0.085). The present model of PCO might induce insulin resistance at liver level with a low effect size via reduction in the mRNA expression of Irs-2. Study of the involved genes and molecules in other tissues of PCO animal models is suggested

Clinicopathologic and ultrastructural findings of hereditary nephritis; a 16-year single center survey in Iran

Introduction: Hereditary nephritis is an umbrella term for a group of congenital childhood diseases including but not limited to Alport syndrome, thin basement membrane disease, and Fabry disease. Objectives: The purpose of this study was a clinicopathologic investigation of Alport syndrome, thin basement membrane disease, and Fabry disease with a focus on the role of electron microscopy and toluidine blue staining in diagnosis. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated kidney biopsies with a final diagnosis of either Alport syndrome, thin basement membrane disease or Fabry disease from 2001 to 2016. Electron microscopy and light microscopy were done and the clinical and paraclinical data were extracted from the patients' medical charts. Electron microscopy role was assessed in terms of necessary, helpful or non-necessary, while correlations between clinical and para-clinical data were determined using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Among the 2865 kidney biopsies, there were 22 patients of hereditary nephritis including 15 (0.52%) Alport syndrome, 5 (0.17%) thin basement membrane disease and 2 (0.07%) Fabry disease diagnosed by electron microscopy. Electron microscopy was essential for the diagnosis of 19 (86.4%) cases, helpful for 3(13.6%) and there was no case for which electron microscopy was non-necessary. The patients' mean age was 16.1 +/- 9.0 years. The most common finding in Alport syndrome was proteinuria (86.7%) followed by hematuria (60.0%). Conclusion: Considering the rate of misdiagnosis of hereditary nephritis using light microscopy and clinical findings alone, electron microscopy study and toluidine blue staining has an essential role in the precise diagnosis in these patients. With regard to the progressive nature of these diseases, prompt diagnosis using electron microscopy is pertinent for therapeutic decisions. Keywords:Alport syndrome; Fabry disease; Hereditary nephritis; Kidney; Electron microscop

The internal evaluation of physiology department of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences

Background: Given the role educational system, it is necessary to most desirable design and implements activities. Internal evaluation is process in which members of the department said the group's objectives and their performance are judged and then reviewed their role and for better performance, essential steps to take.The purpose of this study was the internal evaluation of Physiology Department of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive and cross sectional conclucted in 2014-2015. Data was collected using questionnaire and was evaluated in 6 areas. Questionnaire was prepared and drafted by some faculty members and Medical Education Development Center. Based on the Likert scale, data was classified favorable, relatively favorable and unfavorable in a range of 0 to 5 points. Results: The results showed that the head of department area (acquired by averaging 4.23), faculty members (3.57), educational courses (3.96) and curriculums of the department of physiology (3.57) are favorable and areas of educational and research requirement and constructions (2.92) and research activities of the faculty members (2.73) are comparatively favorable. Conclusion: According to Likert scale, department of physiology of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences was evaluated and ranked in all mentioned areas (acquired by averaging 3.39), therefore has a satisfactory level

Hepatoprotective Effect of Satureja Khuzestanica Essential Oil and Vitamin E in Experimental Hyperthyroid Rats: Evidence for Role of Antioxidant Effect

Background: Hyperthyroidism is associated with liver oxidative stress causing liver dysfunction in many hyperthyroid patients. The hepatoprotective effect of Satureja Khuzestanica Essential Oil (SKEO), as herbal origin antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent on the hyperthyroidism induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress is investigated. Methods: Adult male sprague dawley rats were divided into categories of; control (group C), hyperthyroid (group H), hyperthyroid with olive oil (group H+O), hyperthyroid with vitamin E (group H+E), hyperthyroid with SKEO (group H+S), combination of hyperthyroid with vitamin E and SKEO (group H+S+E). Hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties of SKEO with or without vitamin E in hyperthyroid rats were then investigated. Results: Serum Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT) activities reduced significantly in H+O, H+E, H+S and H+S+E groups in comparison with hyperthyroid rats. Enzymes activities returned to normal in H+S+E group. Hepatic Malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced in H+E, H+S and H+S+E groups in comparison with hyperthyroid rats. The most significant MDA reduction was in the H+S+E group. Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Glutathione Reductase (GR) activities increased in H+E, H+S and H+S+E groups in comparison with group H. The largest increment in GPx and GR activities were in the H+S+E group. Glutathione level did not change in any group in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: Administration of SKEO has hepatoprotective effect in hyperthyroid rats and is more effective when used in combination with vitamin E