The Effect of Individual and Group Education Done by Nurses on Smoking Dependency and Smoking Cessation Motivation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Background: This study was carried out to reveal the effect of individual and group education done by a nurseon smoking dependency and smoking cessation motivation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: The present randomized controlled trial study was conducted in Iran. A total of 255 patients wererandomly divided into three groups: 1) individual education, 2) group education, and 3) control. Data werecollected using the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Smoking Cessation MotivationQuestionnaire (Q-MAT) one time before the intervention and two times after intervention (1st and 3rd months).Findings: The mean scores of motivation for smoking cessation and smoking dependency in patients in theindividual and group education were significantly better than the control group after the intervention (1st and3rd months) (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in the mean scores of smoking cessationmotivation and smoking dependency in patients in the individual education and group education groupsafter education, the status of the patients in the group education was slightly better.Conclusion: Education by nurses might have a significant impact on smoking cessation motivation andsmoking dependency in patients with CAD. Further studies are recommende

The Relationship Between Acute Stroke Management and the Knowledge of Evidence-based Care and Attitudes Toward Stroke Care Among Emergency Nurses and Emergency Medical Services Personnel in Ardabil City in 2021

Objective: Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and management among emergency nurses to provide quality care for patients with acute stroke. Materials and Methods: This correlational research was conducted on 285 hospital emergency department nurses and emergency medical services (EMS) personnel in Ardabil city in 2021. The data collection tools included demographic information questionnaires, warning signs, nurses' knowledge of evidence-based care, attitudes toward stroke care, and acute stroke management. The data were analyzed using the SPSS-26 software using descriptive statistics and the t-test, F-test, linear regression analysis, and the one-way analysis of variance test. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: The knowledge of evidence-based care and acute stroke management was more favorable in hospital emergency nurses than in EMS personnel (P < 0.05). The results of the multivariate regression model showed that knowledge of stroke warning signs and the attitude toward stroke care were stronger predictors in acute stroke management. Knowledge of evidence-based care, attitudes toward stroke care, age, work experience, and participation in stroke retraining courses were significantly correlated with the nurses' care management of patients with acute stroke. Conclusion: Since acute stroke management can be predicted by the knowledge of evidence-based care, attitudes toward stroke care, age, and experience of working with patients with stroke, the evaluation of these characteristics in emergency nurses and EMS personnel who provide care to these patients can affect their management methods. Therefore, the aforementioned variables can be used to evaluate and empower nurses in acute stroke management and improve patient care programs

Blind Mothers’ Experiences of Marginalization: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Qualitative Study

Introduction: Mothering is a precious art with many intricacies. When women experience the phenomenon of mothering, they become vulnerable, and face many challenges. It creates worst conditions, if this experience is combined with a disability such as blindness. This study aimed to determine blind mothers’ experiences of marginalization. Method: The approach used in this study was hermeneutic phenomenology. Sampling was carried out using targeted and snow balling method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with nine congenitally blind mothers who had child under the age of 8 years old. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interviews continued until data saturation. van Manen method was used for all steps of the study including data collections, data analysis, and interpretation and reporting the findings. Data analysis was performed using MAXQDA software. Results: From 479 initial codes, the main theme of "hermit inevitable", and subthemes of "feelings of shame", "a sense of discrimination", and "obligation in loneliness" were emerged. Conclusion: Blind mothers’ perception of themselves was to be marginalized, and they suffered from shame feeling, discrimination, lack of support, and obligation in loneliness. Blindness affects mothering, and blind mothers are in a unique situation. Keywords: Mothers, Blindness, Hermeneutics, Qualitative research, Experienc

The social well-being of nurses shows a thirst for a holistic support: A qualitative study

Introduction: Social well-being is one of the important aspects of health. In fact, this is a reflection of experience in a social environment, indicating how social challenges are determined. In other words, social well-being is an explanation of people's perception and experience of being in a good situation, satisfaction with the structure, and social interaction. This qualitative study intended to explore nurses’ experience of social well-being. Methods: Qualitative content analysis was used to conduct the study. Through purposive sampling, a total of 18 nurses with various clinical experiences participated in semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using the five-step, qualitative content analysis introduced by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The main theme extracted from the data analysis was “thirst for a holistic support” in nurses. It consisted of two subthemes including internal support (family's support, colleague's support, and organizational support) and external support (society's support and media's support). Conclusions and discussion: Nurses’ experiences in shaping their social well-being show that nurses need support in order to rebuild their social well-being. It is supported in partnership with the media, the community, health-related organizations, and by nurses and family. This improves job satisfaction, hope, motivation, commitment, and confidence so as to ultimately facilitate improvement of social well-being of nurses

Identifying the predictors of turnover intention based on nurse managers’ toxic leadership behaviors among nurses in Iran: a cross-sectional correlational study

Abstract Background Unfavorable leadership practices are a growing concern in the field of healthcare and nursing that have adverse consequences on nurses’ career outcomes. One of the undesirable leadership styles is the toxic leadership style. Considering the importance of nursing managers’ leadership style and its impact on nurses’ performance and the scarcity of studies in this field, the present study was conducted to determine toxic leadership behaviors in nursing managers and their relationship with the turnover intention among nurses. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional correlational study. This study involved 551 nurses from 5 educational-medical centers in Ardabil province, north-western Iran. Three self-report scales, including The demographic and occupational information form, the Toxic Leadership Behaviors of Nurse Managers Scale (ToxBH-NM), and the turnover intention questionnaire were adopted for assessment purposes in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 22) software using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient test, t-test, ANOVA test, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results Overall, 551 nurses participated in this research. There was a significantly positive relationship between Turnover intention and Toxic leadership behavior Subscales (r = 0.475, p < 0.001). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis showed Toxic leadership behavior Subscales (Intemperate behavior, Narcissistic behavior, Self-promoting behavior, and Humiliating behavior), Hospital, unit, Age, and Marital status predict Turnover intention when other variables are controlled. Conclusion A leader who directly and indirectly adopts toxic behavior toward their employees destructively affects both individuals and organizations. Nurses who work for a manager exhibiting toxic leadership behaviors demonstrated higher turnover intention

Aftershock Distribution of the 1990 Rudbar, Northwest Iran, Earthquake of M7.3 and Its Tectonic Implications

One of the largest earthquakes in Iran occurred on June 20, 1990, at 21:00 UT at around Rudbar and Manjil Cities in Gilan Province, northwest Iran. An aftershock observation has been conducted around the source region from 30 days after the mainshock and has been continued for more than 5 months. The epicenters of the aftershocks are extending as long as 90km striking WNW-ESE in parallel with the trend of the northern and southern marginal longitudinal faults of the Qezel-Owzan basin along the Talesh-Alborz seismo-tectonic zone. A strike-slip fault, running along the aftershock zone on the uplifted side of the northern marginal fault, is proposed judging from the topographic map and the Landsat image. The part of the aftershock area southeast of the main shock epicenter is more active than the northwestern part. Particularly, microseismic activity is very high in the southeastern end close to Pakdeh, where remarkable surface fissures were observed. The Vp/Vs ratio is inferred as 1.88±0.60 for the region covered by the seismic network. The aftershock decay rate was such that p=1.5 for the modified Omori formula, although the p value for a short period of 4 days at the beginning of the observation was around 4.0.1990年6月20日21時00分13.12秒(世界時),イラン北西部ギーラーン州のルードバール市付近でM7.3の浅発地震が発生した.地震の30日後から余震観測を実施した. 60kmのスパンの3点観測網(Saravan, Abbar, Abtorsh)による観測は5ヶ月以上の期間続けられた.ほかに3ヶ所において2～5日間の短期観測(Masuleh, Bivarzin, Jirandeh)をおこなった

The Status of Social Well-Being in Iranian Nurses: a Cross- Sectional Study

Introduction: Social well-being is one of the important aspects of individual’s health. However, the social aspect of health, or social well-being, has not been attended to as equally as the other aspects. Social well-being is people’s perceptions and experiences in social circumstances as well as the degree of successful responses to social challenges. The aim of the study was to investigate the social well-being of a sample of Iranian nurses. Methods: This study was a cross- sectional conducted in 2013. The study population consisted of all 1200 staff nurses working in all hospitals located in Ardabil, Iran. We invited a random sample of 281 practicing nurses to respond to the 33-item Keyes’s Social Well-Being Questionnaire and the possible range of the total score is 33–165. Higher score reflect better SWB. The quantitative analysis of this study used the Statistical Package for Social Science SPSS version 13.0. Results: The results showed that Participants’ mean score of social well-being was 105.45 (15.87). Social well-being was significantly related to participants’ age, gender, work experience, satisfaction with working in hospital and with income, familiarity with nursing prior to entering it, official position, and type of employment. However, there was no significant relationship between nurses’ social well -being and their marital status, their parents and spouses’ educational status, as well as the type of hospital. Conclusion: Nurses’ social well-being deserves special attention. Effective well-being promotion strategies should be executed for promoting their social well-being particularly in areas of social integration and social acceptance. Moreover, nurses, particularly female nurses, need strong financial, emotional, informational, and social support for ensuring their social well-being