GEOMORFOLOGIA URBANA: O CASO DO BAIRRO SÃO FRANCISCO – RIO BRANCO – ACRE – BRASIL

A área de estudo é uma vertente urbana localizada no bairro São Francisco com área de 21,31 hectares, que teve como objetivos a análise dos processos e riscos geomorfológicos integrados a coletas de solo e sondagem geotécnica. A partir das técnicas estatísticas e geoestatísticas produzimos a interpolação de dados (IDW). A estrutura dos solos e a composição granulométrica foram representadas em topossequências. A movimentação está associada à topografia e transporte de sedimentos

Effect Of Light And Tannic Acid On The Stability Of Anthocyanin In Dmso And In Water

The stability to light of cyanidin-3-glucosyl arabinoside in DMSO and in water, in acid solutions with or without complexation with tannic acid was determined by measuring the decrease of the absorbance of the solutions. The values for the apparent first-order reaction rate constant and t1 2 were calculated. The hypochromic effect observed in DMSO solutions when tannic acid was added as a co-pigment prevented the calculation of the complexation constant (K) for the anthocyanin-tannic acid, indicating that the predominating form in this system is the AH+. Although loss of absorbance was considerably faster in DMSO than in water under the same conditions, tannic acid effectively retarded discoloration in both DMSO and water. © 1994.512183185Adams, Thermal degradation of anthocyanins with particular reference to the 3-glicosides of cyanidin I in acidified aqueous solutions at 100°C (1973) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 24, pp. 747-762Asen, Stewart, Norris, Copigmentation of anthocyanins in plant tissues and its effect on color (1972) Phytochemistry, 2, pp. 1139-1144Bobbio, Bobbio, Stringheta, Stability of copigmented anthocyanins from Panicum melinis toward light and oxygen at different pH (1992) Proceedings of the XVI Internat. Conference—Groupe Polyphenols (JIEP), Vol. 16(1), pp. 241-244. , D.T.A, FranceBrouillard, (1982) Anthocyanins as Food Colors, , P. Markakis, Academic Press, N. Y., U.S.ABrouillard, Iacobucci, Sweeny, Chemistry of anthocyanin pigments (1982) UV-VIS spectrophotometric determination of the acidity constants of apigenidin and 3 related 3-deoxyflavilium salts, 104, pp. 7585-7590. , J.ACSBrouillard, Mazza, Saad, Albrecht-Gary, Cheminat, The copigmentation of anthocyanins—a microprobe for the structural study of aqueous solutions (1989) J. ACS, 111, pp. 2604-2610Brouillard, Wigand, Dangles, Cheminat, pH and solvent effects on the copigmentation reaction of malvin with polyphenols purine and pyrimidine derivatives (1991) Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, 2, pp. 1235-1241Dangles, Brouillard, A spectroscopic method based on the anthocyanin copigmentation interactions and applied to the quantitative study of molecular complexes (1992) Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, 2, pp. 247-257Francis, (1982) Anthocyanins as Food Colors, , P. Markakis, Academic Press, N.Y, Chapter 7Maccarone, Macarrone, Rapisarda, Colour stabilization of orange fruit juice by tannic acid (1987) International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 22, pp. 159-162Mazza, Brouillard, The mechanism of co-pig-mentation of anthocyanins in aqueous solutions (1990) Phytochemistry, 29, pp. 1097-110

O CULTIVO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR (Saccharum officinarum L.) ASSOCIADO A PROCESSOS GEOMORFOLÓGICOS: O CASO DO PROJETO ALCOOBRÁS, CAPIXABA - ACRE

Este trabalho objetiva identificar, monitorar e analisar perdas erosivas em área experimental sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar e pastagem no Projeto de Assentamento Alcoobrás, localizado na rodovia BR-317, Km 59, utilizando-se parcelas experimentais e monitoramento com pinos de erosão. Os resultados demonstraram maiores perdas na parcela sob pastagem, embora esta tenha apresentado maiores níveis de compactação do solo. Os tufos da cana-de-açúcar podem ter impedido maiores perdas naquela parcela

Applicability of Automation and Drilling Optimization in Pre-salt Operations

Much has been published about the importance of the Brazilian and Angolan Pre-salt fields for the energy market. Considering the still growing demand for Oil & Gas due to increase of the energy demand in a worldwide scale, it has become necessary to explore more consistently unconventional hydrocarbon reserves. It brings the petroleum sector to have some focus directed to these carbonate reservoirs located in the subsalt (pre-salt) of the South Atlantic Ocean. These carbonate formations have some presence of silica nodes in it, which is one of the driver to make the drilling operations in such formation quite challenging. This is due to its abrasiveness, reflecting in a low rate of penetration (ranging from 0.5 to 7.5 [m/h]), and general complexities (ultra-deep water reaching up to 2.000 [m], costal distance reaching up to 300 [km], among others). In this sense, implementation of drilling automation and software helping in efficiency improvements during drilling operations has a considerable benefit. Pre-salt drilling operations are very costly at approximately US$ 1.3 million per day. Rather than just focusing in rate of penetration (ROP) maximization, it has become known the importance of driving operations to the minimization of the mechanical specific energy (MSE), what can be achieved by selecting best set of drilling mechanics parameters (weighton- bit, rotary speed and flow-rate), which can be adjusted for the scenario in play. Appliance of drill-rate tests, as a pre-operational drilling test, in order to select the best set of parameters for drilling is a common task in the industry. But, considering that one may drill 50 [m], 100 [m], 160 [m] of pre-salt carbonate reservoir, it is important to have such tests being carried out during the drilling operation, what is not much feasible, given the time consuming it last to the drilling activity. Solution can be a closed loop through programmable routines capable of being updated in real-time by acquired data while drilling, guaranteeing that best set of parameters keep being mathematically calculated and displayed for the 03 (three) main segments (drilling contractors, drilling operators and service companies) during the operation, allowing real-time actions. Not just that, pre-operational drilling tests must start driving attention to a way of deciding for a start set of parameters by analyzing the MSE implicit and not just the ROP, as is still usually performed along the industry. Thus, these presented results details in how would be possible to have such implementations, by means of pre-salt field data as a case study with a more automated orientation