Compared Cranial Osteology of Species of Leptoptilus (Lesson, 1831) (Aves, Ciconiidae)

The species of the Ciconiidae family (Ciconiiformes), commonly known as storks, exhibit a cosmopolite distribution, being represented by swamp birds of medium and large size. The present work aimed to describe minutely and comparatively the cranial osteology of Leptoptilus species. The study was performed based on the description of cranial bones of the species Leptoptilus dubius, L. crumeniferus, and L. javanicus. The studied specimens were previously prepared (dry crania and mandibles). Among the studied characteristics, it was possible to observe some structures of systematic importance, such as the zygomatic process, the temporal fossa, the ectethmoid, the superior maxilla, the quadrate bone that interconnects the palate, the neurocranium, and the mandible, performing a key role in the work of cranial kinesis. Leptoptilus javanicus possesses, in the lateral portion of the cranium, an emargination of the rostrodorsal edge of the postorbital process, not observed in either Leptoptilus dubius or Leptoptilus crumeniferus. The fossa ventralis possesses a projection in the caudal extremities in L. dubius and L. crumeniferus, which is absent in L. javanicus. The transpalatine process is present in both L. dubius and L. crumeniferus and is absent in L. javanicus. The pterygoid process of the palatine is short in both L. dubius and L. crumeniferus, and long in L. javanicus. The ectethmoid is reduced in both L. dubius and L. javanicus, whereas in L. crumeniferus, besides being more developed, it presents a “U” shape. Based on the present study, L. dubius and L. crumeniferus are phylogenetically closer to each other than L. javanicus.The species of the Ciconiidae family (Ciconiiformes), commonly known as storks, exhibit a cosmopolite distribution, being represented by swamp birds of medium and large size. The present work aimed to describe minutely and comparatively the cranial osteology of Leptoptilus species. The study was performed based on the description of cranial bones of the species Leptoptilus dubius, L. crumeniferus, and L. javanicus. The studied specimens were previously prepared (dry crania and mandibles). Among the studied characteristics, it was possible to observe some structures of systematic importance, such as the zygomatic process, the temporal fossa, the ectethmoid, the superior maxilla, the quadrate bone that interconnects the palate, the neurocranium, and the mandible, performing a key role in the work of cranial kinesis. Leptoptilus javanicus possesses, in the lateral portion of the cranium, an emargination of the rostrodorsal edge of the postorbital process, not observed in either Leptoptilus dubius or Leptoptilus crumeniferus. The fossa ventralis possesses a projection in the caudal extremities in L. dubius and L. crumeniferus, which is absent in L. javanicus. The transpalatine process is present in both L. dubius and L. crumeniferus and is absent in L. javanicus. The pterygoid process of the palatine is short in both L. dubius and L. crumeniferus, and long in L. javanicus. The ectethmoid is reduced in both L. dubius and L. javanicus, whereas in L. crumeniferus, besides being more developed, it presents a “U” shape. Based on the present study, L. dubius and L. crumeniferus are phylogenetically closer to each other than L. javanicus

EFEITOS DA OBESIDADE INFANTIL NO BRASIL: UMA ANÁLISE MULTIPROFISSIONAL NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE

Overweight and obesity affected around 340 million children and adolescents worldwide in 2016. In this sense, as obesity is a chronic disease, the factors related to this public health issue must be understood, including: sedentary lifestyle, low socioeconomic power and access to the health system. The present study aimed to understand the main approaches to preventing and managing obesity in primary health care. A narrative review of the literature was carried out, using the descriptors in the PubMed, SciELO and Periódico Capes databases, which obtained 342 articles, 31 of which were chosen to form the basis of this review. According to the multifactorial origin of obesity, current studies have revealed the relevance of therapeutic interventions in several areas, including primary care, family support, school environment, technologies, drug or surgical treatments. Additionally, the difficulties faced in preventing and adequately treating obesity in childhood are evident. Therefore, interdisciplinary monitoring in partnership with schools and families becomes essential, aiming to promote the health of young people and children, preventing obesity in adulthood and also preserving mental health, in addition to preventing diseases related to obesity and its consequences. complications.O sobrepeso e a obesidade afetaram cerca de 340 milhões de crianças e adolescentes no mundo em 2016. Nesse sentido, sendo a obesidade uma doença crônica, deve-se compreender os fatores relacionados a essa questão de saúde pública, dentre os quais: sedentarismo, baixo poder socioeconômico e acesso ao sistema de saúde. O presente estudo objetivou compreender as principais abordagens da prevenção e manejo da obesidade na atenção básica de saúde. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura, utilizando os descritores nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Periódico Capes, a qual obteve 342 artigos, sendo 31 destes escolhidos para o embasamento desta revisão. Segundo a origem multifatorial da obesidade, estudos atuais revelaram a relevância de intervenções terapêuticas em várias áreas, incluindo cuidados primários, apoio familiar, ambiente escolar, tecnologias, tratamentos medicamentosos ou cirúrgicos. Adicionalmente, é evidente as dificuldades enfrentadas para prevenir e tratar adequadamente a obesidade na infância. Portanto, torna-se essencial o acompanhamento interdisciplinar em parceria com as escolas e a família, visando a promoção da saúde dos jovens e crianças, prevenindo a obesidade na idade adulta e também preservando a saúde mental, além de prevenir doenças relacionadas à obesidade e suas complicações