Orofacial manifestations associated with different types of anemia

Introdução: As anemias correspondem a distúrbios hematológicos que podem apresentar manifestações na cavidade oral e face. Objetivo: Revisar a literatura acerca dos principais tipos de distúrbios anêmicos e suas manifestações orofaciais, considerando os aspectos de interesse aos cirurgiões-dentistas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, em que foram selecionados artigos em português e inglês, indexados nas bases de dados do Scielo, Medline/Pubmed e no Lilacs, com os descritores: Anemia, Oral Manifestations, Jaw Abnormalities e seus correspondentes na língua portuguesa. Revisão de literatura: Os distúrbios anêmicos associados aos sinais e sintomas orofaciais incluem principalmente a Anemia Ferropriva, Megaloblástica, de Fanconi, Falciforme, Talassemia e Anemia Aplástica. As manifestações variam de ardência e sintomatologia dolorosa em língua, palidez de lábios e mucosa, estomatite, glossite atrófica, queilite angular, suscetibilidade a candidíase e doença periodontal. Ainda, englobam-se as alterações dentárias, hipossalivação, má oclusão, osteomielite da mandíbula, parestesia do nervo mental e dor orofacial. Conclusão: Essas alterações podem ser os primeiros sinais da presença da anemia, o que confere ao cirurgião-dentista um importante papel no seu diagnóstico precoce e condução adequada ao tratamento odontológico.Introduction: Anemias correspond to hematological disorders that can present in the oral cavity and face. Objective: To review the literature on the main types of anemic disorders and their orofacial manifestations, considering the aspects of interest to dentists. Methodology: This is a literature review, in which articles were selected in Portuguese and English, indexed in the Scielo, Medline/Pubmed and Lilacs databases with the descriptors: Anemia, Oral Manifestations, Jaw Abnormalities and their correspondents in Portuguese language. Literature review: Anemic disorders associated with orofacial signs and symptoms include mainly Iron-Deficiency, Megaloblastic, Fanconis, Sickle Cell, Thalassemia and Aplastic Anemia. The manifestations vary from burning and painful symptoms in the tongue, pallor of lips and mucosa, stomatitis, atrophic glossitis, angular cheilitis, susceptibility to candidiasis and peri-odontal disease. Also, dental changes, hyposalivation, malocclusion, osteomyelitis of the jaw, paraesthesia of the mental nerve and orofacial pain are included. Conclusion: These manifestations can be the first signs of the presence of anemia, which gives the dentist an important role in early diagnosis and proper management of dental treatment

Betulinic Acid Prevents the Acquisition of Ciprofloxacin-Mediated Mutagenesis in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>

The occurrence of damage on bacterial DNA (mediated by antibiotics, for example) is intimately associated with the activation of the SOS system. This pathway is related to the development of mutations that might result in the acquisition and spread of resistance and virulence factors. The inhibition of the SOS response has been highlighted as an emerging resource, in order to reduce the emergence of drug resistance and tolerance. Herein, we evaluated the ability of betulinic acid (BA), a plant-derived triterpenoid, to reduce the activation of the SOS response and its associated phenotypic alterations, induced by ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus. BA did not show antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (MIC &gt; 5000 &#181;g/mL), however, it (at 100 and 200 &#181;g/mL) was able to reduce the expression of recA induced by ciprofloxacin. This effect was accompanied by an enhancement of the ciprofloxacin antimicrobial action and reduction of S. aureus cell volume (as seen by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy). BA could also increase the hyperpolarization of the S. aureus membrane, related to the ciprofloxacin action. Furthermore, BA inhibited the progress of tolerance and the mutagenesis induced by this drug. Taken together, these findings indicate that the betulinic acid is a promising lead molecule in the development helper drugs. These compounds may be able to reduce the S. aureus mutagenicity associated with antibiotic therapies

A viagem de Kemi - A história da química contada por suas descobertas - Voltando no tempo

Ensino Médio::QuímicaA história da química pode ser contada através de descobertas que contribuíram para o surgimento dessa nova ciência. Nessa caminhada, a descoberta do fogo tem papel fundamental. Os egípcios desenvolveram técnicas de mumificação e também manipularam diversas substâncias que deram origem a vários medicamentos e formulações. Também não podemos esquecer os Alquimistas. É com eles que surgem os primeiros estudos sobre Transmutação. Muitas das suas descobertas serviram para o desenvolvimento de muitos produtos que usamos hoje em dia, como, por exemplo, a potassa usada na fabricação do sabão, o fósforo que deu origem a possibilidade de usarmos a combustão controlada, as ligas metálicas, dentre outro

A viagem de Kemi - A história da química contada por suas descobertas - Voltando no tempo

Ensino Médio::QuímicaA história da química pode ser contada através de descobertas que contribuíram para o surgimento dessa nova ciência. Nessa caminhada, a descoberta do fogo tem papel fundamental. Os egípcios desenvolveram técnicas de mumificação e também manipularam diversas substâncias que deram origem a vários medicamentos e formulações. Também não podemos esquecer os Alquimistas. É com eles que surgem os primeiros estudos sobre Transmutação. Muitas das suas descobertas serviram para o desenvolvimento de muitos produtos que usamos hoje em dia, como, por exemplo, a potassa usada na fabricação do sabão, o fósforo que deu origem a possibilidade de usarmos a combustão controlada, as ligas metálicas, dentre outro

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data