Reduplication, Expressives, and Echo-Formation in Hajong

This paper is an attempt to document and investigate the reduplication in Hajong. Hajong is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Bangladesh and Indian northeastern states of Assam, Meghalaya, and Arunachal Pradesh. The present study is based on the data collected from 12 Hajong speakers of the Goalpara district of Assam. Reduplication is a widespread phenomenon that is common in the languages of Southeast Asia. However, grammarians have ignored this phenomenon primarily because they follow the Western grammar description model, where reduplicated structures do not exist or are rare (Abbi, 1992). The aim is to study the reduplicated structures, expressive and echo-formation and its semantic aspects in Hajong. There are mainly two types of reduplicated structures in Hajong: Morphological reduplication and Lexical reduplication. The morphological reduplication is expressed through expressive. “Expressive behave and function like regular words and thus form a part of the lexicons of Indian languages” (Abbi, 2018). The semantics of expressive morphology in Hajong represent five senses of perception, states of mind and manner of an action, and kinship terminology. However, lexical reduplication is constructed through the process of echo-formation (partial reduplication), compound, and complete word reduplication. Echo-word Formation acquires the status of a meaningful element only after it is attached to a word (Abbi, 1992). Echo formation is formed by replacing the initial consonant sound in the reduplicant. The common replacer sounds in Hajong are /ʧ͡/, /t/, /tʰ/ /m/, and /s/. The semantics of Hajong's echo formation represent generality, plurality, intensity, and sets or types

Sexual Exposure and Awareness of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Never Married Adolescent Girls in India

In India pre-marital sex although is taboo, interplay of multitude of factors exposes adolescent girls to pre-marital sex leading to unwanted pregnancy and further intricacies. Awareness of emergency contraceptive pills (ECP) can shield girls against such predicaments and associated social stigmas. Hence, this paper assesses the sexual exposure and awareness of ECP among the never married adolescent girls in India by taking the National Family Health Survey 2005-06 (NFHS-3) data. Out of the total sample, 15,320 adolescent girls of the age group 15-19 years, who are never married and de jure residents are retained for this study. Levels are found out through percentage distribution; associations are assessed through cross tabulation and logistic regression is applied to find out the determinants. It is found that in India, about 0.6 percent of never married adolescent girls have already experienced sex, out of whom 22.4 percent were active during four weeks prior to the survey. Multi-variate result shows that with the increase in age, probability of having pre-marital sex also increases, whereas with the improvement in household wealth index, probability goes down. Overall merely 4.9 percent of adolescent girls are aware of ECP. Age, education, religion and exposure to sexual intercourse exert significant effect on the awareness of ECP. Older, better educated, richer and sexually experienced girls are more likely to be aware of ECP, whereas rural and Muslim girls are less likely to be aware of ECP

Usual Source of Treatment in Northeast India

The northeast India comprises of eight states with great socio-cultural and geo-political diversity. The region is home of several ethnic groups, quite sensitive to illegal immigration and insurgency infected. Thus, an attempt is made to understand how the health seeking behavior varies under such diversity. For the study National Family Health Survey 2005-06 data have been used. Appropriate bi-variate and multi-variate statistical techniques have been applied to draw meaningful conclusions. In entire northeast India, the percentage of households who usually avail treatment from public healthcare centres is much higher than the national average. Dependence on public healthcare centres is highest in Mizoram and Sikkim, followed by Arunachal Pradesh, whereas it is lowest in the state of Nagaland. In all the states main reasons for usually not seeking treatment from public healthcare centres is ‘no facility nearby’, ‘poor quality of care’ and ‘long waiting time’

Co-authorship pattern and Collaboration in Colorectal Cancer Research

The study focused on authorship pattern and collaboration in colorectal cancer research output as reflected in the web of science database for the period 2010-2017. Using various scientometrics approaches, the study presents co-authorship and collaborative patterns for different countries, institutions, and authors. We find multi and mega-author contributions which are increasing and dominate the CRC research. In the case of collaborative patterns, we found domestic collaboration which dominates the CRC research compared to international collaborations. Institution wise we find mostly domestic inter-institutional collaboration. Country pair-wise collaboration pattern shows that the US is the most preferred country for collaborations and the author-wise collaborative pattern in CRC research shows that the collaboration of domestic or local inter-institutional collaboration between the authors and highest possible combinations

Colorectal Cancer Research in SAARC Countries: A Scientometric analysis

The study examined 2053 papers related to the publications of SAARC Countries on Colorectal cancer indexed in the web of science databases during 2010- 2018. The world colorectal cancer output (116203 publications) was formed from several countries. The present study analyzed the research output, authorship pattern, collaborative pattern, and activity index of five SAARC Countries viz. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal. The study revealed that India is a leading country among the five SAARC Countries with major research contributions. India’s continuous collaboration with other developed countries shows a higher activity index particularly in the context of individual research productivity. Developed countries like the USA, Australia, and the UK are the top collaborating countries with SAARC regions

An analysis of Research publication on Colorectal Cancer in Asian Countries

This paper discusses colorectal cancer research output in Asian during 2000- 2017. The data has been downloaded from PubMed databases. A total of 2726 articles were found. Language distribution shows a majority of the papers are published in the English language 2661 (97.61%) irrespective of the native language of the country and those publications were in the form of journal articles i.e. 2225 (81.62%). The authorship pattern indicates the maximum number of papers was published by collaborative work of more than ten authors for which the mean value of Degree of Collaboration is 0.84 indicating the high ratio of collaborative research work undertaken by researchers. The Relative Growth Rate and Doubling Time of total publications show decreasing and increasing trend. The mean relative growth rate is 0.28. It is also found that the average exponential growth rate is 11.55% during the sample periods. The Geographical distribution of productivity of top 20 countries shows that Thailand has contributed 838 (30.74%) publications and ranked top among the countries in terms of publications. Among the authors engaged in CRC research, Wang J is the most productive author with 31 (1.13%) of total contributions. “Wang J’ had collaborated with 82 researchers in colorectal cancer research. The most common keyword used by researcher is “human”. Cluster Density view has identified 932 items with five different clusters, in which studies were grouped right from how alteration or changes take place in the cell or DNA to surgery or therapy or remedy related studies for CRC related cases

MAPPING OF COLORECTAL CANCER RESEARCH OUTPUT WITH A FOCUS ON INDIA

This paper explores the Colorectal Cancer research scholarly communications published by Indian researchers based on the data available in web of science database for the period of 12 years (2005- 2016); using tools like WoS, MS Excel & Histcite. The analysis revealed that there is an increasing trend in total CRC research publications and majority of the publications are in the form of articles both in case of India and world. Total citations and average citation per paper in case of India also shows increasing trend except in 2009 and 2012. Increasing trend could also be observed in case of international collaborative works between India and rest of the world. India’s highest collaborating country is USA 15.6% of the total collaborative works undertaken. The country wise distribution and year wise contributions shows that 50% of world CRC research comes from three countries viz. USA, China and Japan. In terms of funding CRC research work “Council of Scientific & Industrial Research” (CSIR) tops the list with (133) funding’s as per the records. Sanyal SN is the most productive author contributing (2.2%) of articles. Authorship pattern shows that 10 and more than 10 authors contributed more papers. Panjab University has the maximum number of publications with 62 records having a Total Local Citation Score 80 and Total Global Citation Score 551. Highest subject wise distribution is Oncology with 386 papers and 31.56% share. Tumor biology is the most preferred journal with (47) 3.9% of the total periodical literature output during the period under study. Most common keywords used by the researchers in their publications are the word “Cancer” with 564 records, followed by the word “Colorectal” with 287 records. Jemal A, 2011, CA-CANCER J CLIN, V61, P69 is the top most cited papers as it has been cited 55 times

Fabrication and electrical characterization of Organic Field-Effect Transistor based on CSA doped PANi-Ta2O5 nanocomposite

Top-contact, bottom-gate organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on Polyaniline (PANi)-Tantalum Pentoxide (Ta2O5) nanocomposite doped with Camphor Sulphonic Acid (CSA) as the active semiconductor layer and Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) as the gate dielectric were investigated. Gold was thermally evaporated for the top source and drain contacts of 80-90 nm thickness with a conducting channel of 1 mm length and 1cm width. A relatively good charge carrier mobility of  0.12 cm2/V-s was achieved. This may be ascribed to the highly crystalline nature of the nanocomposite, the diminished contact resistance due to the long channel and the symbiosis developed between the organic semiconductor and the polymer dielectric. The smaller source-to-drain current and high saturation drain voltage may be accounted for the long channel effect. The device exhibited a threshold voltage of   -12.89 V, a moderate current on/off ratio of ~103 and a subthreshold swing of 9.3 V/dec. The agglomerated globular morphology of the PANi nanocomposite and the high carrier mobility can immensely contribute towards using the OFET device for room-temperature based application, particularly in the gas sensing field

Experimental Study of Gas Turbine Blade Film Cooling and Heat Transfer

Modern gas turbine engines require higher turbine-entry gas temperature to improve their thermal efficiency and thereby their performance. A major accompanying concern is the heat-up of the turbine components which are already subject to high thermal and mechanical stresses. This heat-up can be reduced by: (i) applying thermal barrier coating (TBC) on the surface, and (ii) providing coolant to the surface by injecting secondary air discharged from the compressor. However, as the bleeding off of compressor discharge air exacts a penalty on engine performance, the cooling functions must be accomplished with the smallest possible secondary air injection. This necessitates a detailed and systematic study of the various flow and geometrical parameters that may have a bearing on the cooling pattern. In the present study, experiments were performed in three regions of a non-rotating gas turbine blade cascade: blade platform, blade span, and blade tip. The blade platform and blade span studies were carried out on a high pressure turbine rotor blade cascade in medium flow conditions. Film-cooling effectiveness or degree of cooling was assessed in terms of cooling hole geometry, blowing ratio, freestream turbulence, coolant-to-mainstream density ratio, purge flow rate, upstream vortex for blade platform cooling and blowing ratio, and upstream vortex for blade span cooling. The blade tip study was performed in a blow-down flow loop in a transonic flow environment. The degree of cooling was assessed in terms of blowing ratio and tip clearance. Limited heat transfer coefficient measurements were also carried out. Mainstream pressure loss was also measured for blade platform and blade tip film-cooling with the help of pitot-static probes. The pressure sensitive paint (PSP) and temperature sensitive paint (TSP) techniques were used for measuring film-cooling effectiveness whereas for heat transfer coefficient measurement, temperature sensitive paint (TSP) technique was employed. Results indicated that the blade platform cooling requires a combination of upstream purge flow and downstream discrete film-cooling holes to cool the entire platform. The shaped cooling holes provided wider film coverage and higher film-cooling effectiveness than the cylindrical holes while also creating lesser mainstream pressure losses. Higher coolant-to-mainstream density ratio resulted in higher effectiveness levels from the cooling holes. On the blade span, at any given blowing ratio, the suction side showed better coolant coverage than the pressure side even though the former had two fewer rows of holes. Film-cooling effectiveness increased with blowing ratio on both sides of the blade. Whereas the pressure side effectiveness continued to increase with blowing ratio, the increase in suction side effectiveness slowed down at higher blowing ratios (M=0.9 and 1.2). Upstream wake had a detrimental effect on film coverage. 0% and 25% wake phase positions significantly decreased film-cooling effectiveness magnitude. Comparison between the compound shaped hole and the compound cylindrical hole design showed higher effectiveness values for shaped holes on the suction side. The cylindrical holes performed marginally better in the curved portion of the pressure side. Finally, the concept tip proved to be better than the baseline tip in terms of reducing mainstream flow leakage and mainstream pressure loss. The film-cooling effectiveness on the concept blade increased with increasing blowing ratio and tip gap. However, the film-coverage on the leading tip portion was almost negligible