Effect of row spacing and nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and composition of bulb in garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars

The field experiment to study the effect of row spacing and nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and composition of bulb in garlic cultivars was conducted during rabi in 1998-99 and 1999-2000. All growth parameters, yield attributing traits, bulb yield and contents of the bulb increased significantly with the increasing level of nitrogen application and row spacing and these were maximum with nitrogen application of 200 kg ha-1 and a row spacing of 15 cm. However, the T.S.S. was higher in closer row spacing (10 cm). The cultivar, Jajavar local was significantly superior over the other two cultivars in all these characters. The interaction studies showed that the treatment combination of N. S2 V2, (Nitrogen @ 200 kg ha-1, row spacing of 15 cm and cultivar Jajavar local) gave higher bulb yield (128 q ha-1) with maximum net returns (Rs 77,236 ha-1) and a B : C ratio (3.06:1). &nbsp

Effect of row spacing and nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and composition of bulb in garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars

The field experiment to study the effect of row spacing and nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and composition of bulb in garlic cultivars was conducted during rabi in 1998-99 and 1999-2000. All growth parameters, yield attributing traits, bulb yield and contents of the bulb increased significantly with the increasing level of nitrogen application and row spacing and these were maximum with nitrogen application of 200 kg ha-1 and a row spacing of 15 cm. However, the T.S.S. was higher in closer row spacing (10 cm). The cultivar, Jajavar local was significantly superior over the other two cultivars in all these characters. The interaction studies showed that the treatment combination of N. S2 V2, (Nitrogen @ 200 kg ha-1, row spacing of 15 cm and cultivar Jajavar local) gave higher bulb yield (128 q ha-1) with maximum net returns (Rs 77,236 ha-1) and a B : C ratio (3.06:1). &nbsp

Effect of phosphorus and plant growth regulators on growth and yield of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

A field experiment was conducted at Mandsaur (Madhya Pradesh) to find out the effect ofphosphorus and plant growth regulators on growth and yield of fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum). The results indicated that significantly higher growth and yield (17.62 qha-1) were observed with application of 60 kg phosphorus ha-1. Foliar spray of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 20 ppm at 25 days after sowing (DAS) and 55 DAS resulted in significantlyhigher growth and seed yield (17.41 q ha-1). The highest benefit : cost ratio (4.20:1) wasobserved for the treatment, 60 kg phosphorus ha-1 + NAA 20 ppm. &nbsp

Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability

Association between peri-operative angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-2 receptor blockers and acute kidney injury in major elective non-cardiac surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study

The peri-operative use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-2 receptor blockers is thought to be associated with an increased risk of postoperative acute kidney injury. To reduce this risk, these agents are commonly withheld during the peri-operative period. This study aimed to investigate if withholding angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-2 receptor blockers peri-operatively reduces the risk of acute kidney injury following major non-cardiac surgery. Patients undergoing elective major surgery on the gastrointestinal tract and/or the liver were eligible for inclusion in this prospective study. The primary outcome was the development of acute kidney injury within seven days of operation. Adjusted multi-level models were used to account for centre-level effects and propensity score matching was used to reduce the effects of selection bias between treatment groups. A total of 949 patients were included from 160 centres across the UK and Republic of Ireland. From this population, 573 (60.4%) patients had their angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-2 receptor blockers withheld during the peri-operative period. One hundred and seventy-five (18.4%) patients developed acute kidney injury; there was no difference in the incidence of acute kidney injury between patients who had their angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-2 receptor blockers continued or withheld (107 (18.7%) vs. 68 (18.1%), respectively; p = 0.914). Following propensity matching, withholding angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-2 receptor blockers did not demonstrate a protective effect against the development of postoperative acute kidney injury (OR (95%CI) 0.89 (0.58–1.34); p = 0.567)

Performance of Potato Varieties for Growth, Yield, Quality and Economics under Different Levels of Nitrogen

Aims: This experiment was conducted to study the performance of different varieties of potato under various nitrogen levels for growth, yield and quality as well as their economics. Study Design: Sixteen treatment combinations comprising of four varieties (V1-Kufri Jyoti, V2-Kufri Chipsona-2, V3-Kufri Chipsona-1 and V4-Kufri Pushkar) and four nitrogen doses (N1-100 kg/ha, N2-125 kg/ha, N3-150 kg/ha and N4-175 kg/ha). The experiment was laid in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted at research field, Department of Vegetable Science College of Horticulture, Mandsaur during rabi season 2010-11. Methodology: The healthy, uniform size tubers were planted at a spacing of 60×20 cm on 21 October, 2010. Phosphorus (P2O5 80 kg/ha), potassium (K2O 100 kg/ha) and different doses of nitrogen (as per treatment) were provided through Urea, DAP and Muriate of Potash. Full dose of phosphorus, potash and half dose of nitrogen were applied as basal in furrows at the time of planting. While the remaining quantity of nitrogen was applied in two split doses, 1st at first earthing-up and 2nd at second earthing-up (25 and 45 days after planting, respectively). Thereafter recommended package of practices were followed to raise the healthy crop. The crop was harvested on 15 February, 2011. Results: The findings of present study revealed that among the varieties, Kufri Pushkar recorded maximum yield showing its superior performance over other varieties. With respect to quality attributes, variety Kufri Chipsona-2 exhibited high dry matter content, high starch content and low reducing sugar content which are the desired attributes for processing. Variety Kufri Chipsona-1 and Kufri Jyoti were next to Kufri Chipsona-2. Among the different doses of nitrogen, application of 150 kg N/ha resulted in maximum growth and yield attributes as well as total yield. It has also exhibited better quality parameters except reducing sugar. Combined effect of varieties and nitrogen levels showed highest economic return under application of 150 kg N/ha with variety Kufri Pushkar. Conclusion: It may be concluded that combination of potato variety Kufri Pushkar along with application of nitrogen 150 kg/ha had proved to be superior over other combinations for growth, yield and economic returns

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Genetic variability and association among colour and white seedless genotypes of grape (Vitis vinifera)

Twenty three genotypes (11 colour seedless and 12 white seedless) of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) were investigated during 2015-16 to evaluate qualitative and quantitative traits to explore its existing gene pool and identify the selection indices important for grapevine improvement. Traits like acidity, days to ripening, heat unit requirement, total sugars, number of berries per bunch and TSS had least variation among the coefficients both at phenotypic and genotypic level. High estimates of heritability (broad sense) and genetic advance were observed for some traits signifying high potential for improvement of grape through selection and are governed by additive gene action. Highest heritability was recorded for acidity (99.95) and low for days (33.57) taken to 50% panicle appearance. Correlation coefficientsat phenotypic and genotypic level envisaged that fruit yield per vine was having significant and positive correlation with number of bunch and number of fruitful canes. These are the most important characters contributing towards fruit yield and can be strategically used to improve the yield of grape.</jats:p

Evaluation of Wine Purpose Varieties of Grapes under the Environmental Condition of Malwa Plateau

The quality of wine totally depends on the variety of grape. Grapes are unique among fruits. Ripe, they contain sufficient sugar and an appropriate amount of acid so that when they ferment enough alcohol is produced to make a palatable wine that is protected against imminent spoilage. In present investigation experiment was carried during 2014 to 2016 for 3 year. Treatment performance was observed using Tukey’s mean separation method in 95% percent confidence interval. Under this experiment grape ten variety tested under different characteristics. From the result it is found that number of mature and fruitful cane maximum found in Shiraz variety 39.61 and 22.05. Total soluble Solid (TSS) and acidity is important aspect for wine preparation. Minimum TSS and acidity was found in Shiraz variety 0.62 and 18.5. Highest yield variety was recorded in Grenache. From the study, it is observed that performance of Shriraz variety is most suitable for wine preparation in Malwa plateau.</jats:p