Etude sur les attentes des élèves par rapport au médiateur scolaire

[Table des matières] I. Synthèse et propositions. II. Objectifs et méthodes de recherche. III. Participants et description des séances. IV. Résultats des groupes de discussion. 1. Le rôle et les fonctions du médiateur selon les élèves. 2. Les problèmes que peuvent rencontrer les élèves et les personnes ressources auxquelles ils peuvent s'adresser. 3. La rencontre avec le médiateur: obstacles, facteurs facilitants. 4. Le profil du médiateur idéal. 5. Evolution du rôle de la médiation scolaire. 6. La formation du médiateur. V. Références bibliographiques

Chronic illness, life style and emotional health in adolescence: results of a cross-sectional survey on the health of 15-20-year-olds in Switzerland

The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of chronic conditions (CC) in adolescents in Switzerland; to describe their behaviour (leisure, sexuality, risk taking behaviour) and to compare them to those in adolescents who do not have CC in order to evaluate the impact of those conditions on their well-being. The data were obtained from the Swiss Multicentre Adolescent Survey on Health, targeting a sample of 9268 in-school adolescents aged 15 to 20 years, who answered a self-administered questionnaire. Some 11.4% of girls and 9.6% of boys declared themselves carriers of a CC. Of girls suffering from a CC, 25% (versus 13% of non carriers; P=0.007) and 38% of boys (versus 25%; P=0.002) proclaimed not to wear a seatbelt whilst driving. Of CC girls, 6.3% (versus 2.7%; P=0.000) reported within the last 12 months to have driven whilst drunk. Of the girls, 43% (versus 36%; P=0.004) and 47% (versus 39%; P=0.001) were cigarette smokers. Over 32% of boys (versus 27%; P=0.02) reported having ever used cannabis and 17% of girls (versus 13%; P=0.013) and 43% of boys (versus 36%; P=0.002) admitted drinking alcohol. The burden of their illness had important psychological consequences: 7.7% of girls (versus 3.4%; P=0.000) and 4.9% of boys (versus 2.0%; P=0.000) had attempted suicide during the previous 12 months. Conclusion: experimental behaviours are not rarer in adolescents with a chronic condition and might be explained by a need to test their limits both in terms of consumption and behaviour. Prevention and specific attention from the health caring team is necessar

Mapping adolescent health and lifestyles in a multi-state country: methodological aspects and first results

Summary: Objectives: To explore the feasibility of a geographical analysis (mapping) of data from a national adolescent survey. Methods: Teenagers 15 to 19 years in high school or apprenticeship (N=5275 boys and 3993 girls) answered a self-administered anonymous questionnaire targeting health and lifestyles. Switzerland was divided in 14 subunits, each one including at least 400 subjects: large cantons were isolated by themselves whereas smaller ones were aggregated taking into account common cultural, geographical and health characteristics. To minimise the impact of sample differences across the cantons, subsamples were weighted according to age, sex, and professional background. For each variable, the discretisation of the values in five classes was performed using the threshold approach which maximises intergroup differences and minimises the intragroup differences. Results: The analysis suggests different patterns of distribution depending on the type of variable studied: substance use differs mostly between urban and rural cantons, while mental health differs between French and German-speaking cantons. Conclusions: Whereas most available atlases are derived from population-based data (i.e., mortality rates), this research demonstrates the feasibility of using self-reported data from school-based survey samples. The presentation of data on attractive maps provides a unique opportunity for generating hypotheses as to the causes of differences across cantons in a multi-ethnic, multicultural countr

Excessive substance use among young people consulting family doctors: a cross-sectional study

Background. Family doctors can only play a role in the prevention of excessive substance use in young people if those affected are seen in the practice. Objective. To describe the prevalence of excessive substance use among young people consulting family doctors in a European context. Methods. As part of a trial of an intervention addressing substance use we collected data from young people consulting 32 family doctors in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Before the consultation, consecutive patients aged 15-24 years completed a self-administered questionnaire on their general health and substance use. Outcomes were excessive alcohol (defined as ≥1 episode of binge drinking), excessive cannabis (use ≥1/week), regular tobacco (≥1 cigarettes a day) and/or any other substance use in the past 30 days. Prevalence data were computed with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for clustering within practices, stratified by age and gender. Results. Between February 2009 and November 2010, 636 patients were eligible. Participation rate was 93.4% (n = 594, 53% female). The prevalence of excessive use in the past 30 days was alcohol 44.9% (95% CI: 37.8-52.1), cannabis 11.1% (95% CI: 8.0-14.1), tobacco 23.4% (95% CI: 19.0-28.1) and any other drug 2.6 (95% CI: 1.4-4.2). Excessive use was higher in males than in females. Except for tobacco prevalence of excessive use was only slightly higher in young adults compared to adolescents. Conclusion. Excessive substance use is frequent among young people consulting family doctors in a European context. Future research should provide guidance about how to best seize this window of opportunity for prevention and early interventio

Gesundheit und Lebensstil 16- bis 20 Jaehriger in der Schweiz (2002) : SMASH 2002 : Swiss multicenter adolescent survey on health 2002

[Table des matières] Zusammenfassung. 1. Einleitung: Rahmen und Zielsetzungen der Studie. 2. Stichprobe und Methode. 3. Resultate. 3.1. Stichprobenbeschreibung. 3.2. Psychosoziales Umfeld und persönliche Beziehungen. 3.3. Allgemeine und Psychische Gesundheit. 3.4. Gesundheitsverhalten. 3.5. Sexualität. 3.6. Beabsichtigte und nicht Beabsichtigte Gewalt. 3.7. Behandlung und Nutzung der Gesundheitsdienste. 4. Illustrationsverzeichnisse. 5. Index. 6. Anhang: Fragebogen SMASH 2002

Salute e stile di vita degli adolescenti dai 16 ai 20 anni in Svizzera (2002) : SMASH 2002 : Swiss multicenter adolescent survey on health 2002

Questo studio si basa su due approcci complementari inerenti alla salute : il primo mette l'accento sugli aspetti sociologici dei comportainenti riguardanti la salute e cerca di evidenziare il determinismo psicosociale e la percezione dei modi di comportarsi ("lifestyle"). I1 secondo, di natura epidemiologica, mette l'accento sulla prevalenza dei comportamenti e procede &amp;'analisi nei diversi sottogruppi o nel tempo. Le scelte che sono fatte in questa inchiesta si riferiscono alla concezione della salute vista come uno stato d'equilibrio, un processo dinamico costantemente influenzato da elementi e comportamenti personali come pure da variabili ambientali di prossimità (livello socioeconomico) e distali (il clima, i mezzi di trasporto, ecc.). Lo studio SMASH 2002 fornisce una panoramica della situazione degli adolescenti e del loro stato di salute : bisogni e comportamenti legati alla salute, fattori associati e una valutazione dei grandi cambiamenti insorti da una decina d'anni. Questi dati dovrebbero permettere una riflessione sulla pianificazione ottimale dei servizi di cure e dei programmi di prevenzione e di promozione della salute rivolti agli adolescenti. [P. 6]]]> Health Surveys ; Adolescent ; Health Status ; Life Style ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Health Behavior ; Mental Health ; Adolescent Health Services ; Violence ; Questionnaires ; Switzerland ita https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_6A9892B282F8.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_6A9892B282F82 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_6A9892B282F82 info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_6A99073857AE 2022-05-07T01:19:47Z openaire documents urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_6A99073857AE Ceftazidime in severe infections: a Swiss multicentre study. info:doi:10.1093/jac/12.suppl_A.139 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1093/jac/12.suppl_A.139 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/6225761 Francioli, P. Clément, M. Geroulanos, S. von Graevenitz, A. Luthy, R. Regamey, C. Stalder, H. Vogt, M. Waldvogel, F.A. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1983-07 The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol. 12 Suppl A, pp. 139-146 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/0305-7453 <![CDATA[A total of 105 patients (mean age 57, range 15 to 90) with serious infections were treated with intravenous ceftazidime, usually 2 g 8-hourly. Most patients had complicating factors such as major surgery, cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease, catheters or anatomical abnormalities. Eighty-seven infectious episodes in 77 patients could be assessed for efficacy. Bacteraemia was diagnosed in 26% of these episodes. Seventy-five per cent of infections were due to Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most frequent. The major sites of infections were the lower respiratory tract (30), the urinary tract (28), the soft tissues (9), the biliary tract (4), bones (4) and the ears (4). Overall, 67% of the patients were cured, 20% improved, 7% relapsed and 6% failed to respond. Among the 27 infections due to Ps aeruginosa, only two failures (in the same patient) and four relapses were recorded. However, in the two failures and in three other cases with persistent Ps. aeruginosa colonisation, the organism had become resistant to ceftazidime. Three failures were recorded in the seven Staphylococcus aureus infections included in this study. Superinfection occurred in four patients. Adverse events included rash (6), Clostridium difficile toxin-induced diarrhoea (3), transaminase elevation (3), weakly positive Coombs test (10). Ceftazidime appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, including those caused by Ps. aeruginosa