Allelopathic effect of Dendrocalamus stocksii (Munro.) on growth and yield of ground nut (Arachis hypogaea)

The present study was conducted to assess allelopathic effect of Dendrocalamus stocksii (Munro.) on the growth and yield of ground nut (Arachis hypogaea). Bamboo leaf leachate was prepared by soaking the dry leaves in tap water for 24 hours in a ratio of 1:10 w/v.  Using prepared leachate as stock solution the leachate of various concentrations viz., control (0%), 25, 50 and 75 and 100 per cent were prepared by adding tap water accordingly. The results revealed the concentration-dependent significant (p=0.05) inhibitory effect of bamboo leaf leachates on the germination, radicle and plumule length of groundnut in laboratory condition. The leaf leachate of 100% concentration reduced down the germination percentage (56%), radicle length (3.00 cm) and plumule length (5.36 cm) as compared to control treatment where the germination percentage (86.66%), radicle length (5.02 cm) and plumule length (12.08 cm) were maximum. Similarly, the allelopathic effect of leaf leachate on transplanted seedlings of groundnut in prepared beds inside the poly house were significantly (p=0.05) inhibitory for the test seed weight and straw yield/ha. Minimum test seed weight (430.33 g) was recorded in the treatment of 25 % concentration as compared to control (601.33 g) and straw yield per hectare in the treatment of 100 % concentration (2421.1 kg/ha) as compared to control (4729.4 kg/ha). However, the non- significant effect of leaf leachate was observed on other yield parameters i.e., number of tillers per plant, number of pods / plant, test seed weight, seed yield per plant, number of seeds per pod and grain yield per ha. Finally, it is concluded that the harmful effect of leaf leachates of Dendrocalamus stocksii is more prominent in early stage of germination, emergence of radicle and plumule etc., rather than after transplanting; it is recommended to avoid the effect of these allelochemicals in early growth stage in field condition

Solvent-free selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol and benzaldehyde by tert-butyl hydroperoxide using MnO-4-exchanged Mg-Al-hydrotalcite catalysts

MnO- 4 (0.4 mmol/g)-exchanged Mg-Al-hydrotalcite is an active and highly selective catalyst for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde by tert-butyl hydroperoxide under reflux in the absence of solvent. It also shows high activity for the oxidation of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid. The higher the Mg/Al ratio, the higher is the catalytic activity (in both the reactions) and basicity of the hydrotalcite catalyst

Au/TiO2Au/TiO_2 catalysts encapsulated in the mesopores of siliceous MCM-48. Reproducible synthesis, structural characterization and activity for CO-oxidation

A synthesis route leading to Au/TiO$\ _2$ clusters encaged in the three-dimensional channel system of siliceous MCM-48 was thoroughly studied to ensure reproducibility. Intermediate and final products were characterized by XRD, nitrogen physisorption, TEM, XPS and EXAFS. Via impregnation of MCM-48 with titanylacetylacetonate and subsequent deposition–precipitation using HAuCl$_4$, ionic gold was introduced into the matrix, but a minority of the gold ended up in large metal particles on the external MCM-48 surface in the (freeze-dried) samples. The ionic gold underwent gradual autoreduction at room temperature in Ar even under dark conditions, but at 273 K, it may be kept ionic for months. The catalysts exhibited 50% CO conversion between 262 and 282 K, with good reproducibility. In addition, they achieved significant CO conversion with very low activation energy already at temperatures around 220 K; this low-temperature activity was less reproducible. Porosity analysis showed that the pore system was significantly perturbed after the Au introduction step without, however, precluding accessibility of the pore system. Therefore, further modification of the synthesis aiming at the conservation of the pore system may still bear promise for improvement

Solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde by tert-butyl hydroperoxide using transition metal containing layered double hydroxides and/or mixed hydroxides

Performance of Mn-Al, Co-Al, Ni-Al, Zn-Al, Mg-Fe, Mn-Fe, Co-Fe, Ni-Fe, Mn-Cr, Co-Cr, Ni-Cr, Cu-Cr, and Zn-Cr layered double hydroxides (LDH) and/or mixed hydroxides (HD) solid catalysts has been evaluated for the liquid phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde using TBHP as an oxidizing agent in the absence of any solvent. The Mn, Cu, and Co containing LDH solids show good catalytic activity in the oxidation and hence these are promising catalysts for the solvent-free oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde

Recognition of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): In-Silico Evidences

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) emerged in 2019 and proliferated rapidly across the globe. Scientists are attempting to investigate antivirals specific to COVID-19 treatment. The 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV utilize the same receptor of the host which is COVID-19 of the main protease (Mpro).COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is burdensome to overcome by presently acquired antiviral candidates. So the objective and purpose of this work was to investigate the plants with reported potential antiviral activity. With the aid of in silico techniques such as molecular docking and druggability studies, we have proposed several natural active compounds including glycyrrhizin, bicylogermecrene, tryptanthrine, β-sitosterol, indirubin, indican, indigo, hesperetin, crysophanic acid, rhein, berberine and β-caryophyllene which can be encountered as potential herbal candidate exhibiting anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Promising docking outcomes have been executed which evidenced the worthy of these selected herbal remedies for future drug development to combat coronavirus disease. Graphic Abstrac

Microwave assisted solvent-free synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones by Biginelli reaction over Si-MCM-41 supported FeCl<SUB>3</SUB> catalyst

Among the Si-MCM-41 or montmorillonite K 10 clay supported ZnCl2, AlCl3, GaCl3, InCl3 and FeCl3 catalysts, FeCl3/Si-MCM-41 shows best performance for the microwave-assisted synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones by the Biginelli reaction involving multicomponent condensation of aromatic aldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and urea in the absence of any solvent. It is a promising catalyst for the microwave-assisted reaction providing high product yield in a short period (3.0-5.0 min)

A Technique for Rapid Micropropagation of <i>Solanum surattense </i>Burm. f.

201-204In Solanum surattense, a medicinally important member of family Solanaceae, rapid micropropagation and direct organogenesis was achieved from shoot tip and leaf explants, respectively. Both leaf and shoot tips differentiated into number of small shoots without apparently forming any callus. Average 180-200 adventitious shoots were produced from a single explant on MS basal medium fortified with BAP and kinetin individually and in combination. Caulogenesis was followed by rhizogenesis on the same medium without phytohormone. In vitro regenerated plantlets were healthy with dark green leaves and attained a length of 5-10 cm in 10 weeks. The post- transplantation survival rate in the field was 80±5% without any seasonal constraints

CIRCUMSTANTIAL AND RESPONSE ATTITUDES OF PEOPLE AFFECTED WITH LIVESTOCK DEPREDATION BY LEOPARDS PANTHERA PARDUS LINNAEUS IN RATNAGIRI DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

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