Post-implementation Review of the Himalaya Home Care Project for Home Isolated COVID-19 Patients in Nepal

Background: The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a pandemic that has significantly impacted healthcare systems at a global level. Health care facilities in Nepal, as in other low- and middle-income countries, have limited resources for the treatment and management of COVID-19 patients. Only critical cases are admitted to the hospital resulting in most patients in home isolation. Methods: Himalaya Home Care (HHC) was initiated to monitor and provide counseling to home isolated COVID-19 patients for disease prevention, control, and treatment. Counselors included one physician and four nurses. Lists of patients were obtained from district and municipal health facilities. HHC counselors called patients to provide basic counseling services. A follow-up check-in phone call was conducted 10 days later. During this second call, patients were asked about their perceptions of the HHC program. Project objects were: (1) To support treatment of home isolated persons with mild to moderate COVID-19, decrease burden of hospitalizations, and decrease risks for disease transmission; and, (2) To improve the health status of marginalized, remote, and vulnerable populations in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Data from 5823 and 3988 patients from May 2021-February 2022 were entered in initial and follow-up forms on a REDCap database. The majority of patients who received counseling were satisfied. At follow-up, 98.4% of respondents reported that HHC prevented hospitalization, 76.5% reported they could manage their symptoms at home, and 69.5% reported that counseling helped to limit the spread of COVID-19 in their household. Conclusions: Telehealth can be an essential strategy for providing services while keeping patients and health providers safe during the COVID-19 pandemic

Elephant (Elephas maximus) temporal activity, distribution, and habitat use patterns on the tiger's forgotten trails across the seasonally dry, subtropical, hilly Churia forests of Nepal.

Understanding spatial distribution, habitat use, and temporal activity patterns is important for species conservation planning. This information especially is crucial for mega herbivores like elephants as their ranging patterns encompass a myriad of habitats types. Churia habitat is geological fragile yet important for wildlife in Nepal and India. We used camera trapping and sign surveys covering 536 km2 of Churia and surrounding areas within Chitwan National Park. Across 152 trapping locations, we accumulated 2,097 trap nights in a 60-day survey during the winter season of 2010-11. We used a non-parametric kernel density function to analyze winter activity patterns of elephants detected in camera-traps. Additionally, we walked 643 km over 76 grid cells in two surveys (winter and summer) to estimate elephant distribution and intensity of habitat use using an occupancy framework. Multi-season models allowed us to make seasonal (winter versus summer) inferences regarding changes in habitat use based on covariates influencing use and detection. We photographed 25 mammalian species including elephants with calves with a trapping rate of 2.72 elephant photos events per 100 trap nights. Elephant winter activity pattern was found to be mainly nocturnal, with crepuscular peaks. Covariates such as normalized differential vegetation index and terrain ruggedness positively influenced elephant spatial distribution and habitat use patterns within the Churia habitat. We also found lower elephant habitat use ([Formula: see text]) of Churia in winter 0.51 (0.02) than in summer 0.57 (0.02). Elephants heavily used the eastern portion of Churia in both seasons (67-69%). Overall, Churia habitat, which is often ignored, clearly is used by elephants, with increases in summer use in the west and high use year-round in the east, and thus should no longer be neglected or forgotten in species conservation planning

Assessing the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Different Varieties of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. Var. Cerasiforme) Under Polyhouse

Aim: Cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. var. cerasiforme) are highly favored for their delectable flavor and plentiful small-sized fruits that form clusters on the plant's stems and branches. This study focused on examining the “Assessing the Growth, Yield, and Quality of Different Varieties of Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. var. cerasiforme) under Polyhouse”. Study Design: In the first and second years of varietal evaluation, the experiment was set up using a Complete Randomized Block Design (C.R.B.D.) with nine treatments (varieties) and three replications Nine cherry tomato are collected from different sources and the varieties are BSS-834, Nagmani, Nagmoti, Rosa, Sheeja, Laila, Darjeeling Local, Ken and Red Cherry. Place and Duration of Study: The current study was carried out in the naturally ventilated arched sawtooth polyhouse at the Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya in Mohanpur, Nadia (West Bengal) in the years 2021–2022 and 2022–2023. Methodology: The dimensions of the experimental plot were 2.5 m x 1 m2, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 50 cm. The tests used the ridge bed approach, with two rows per bed. During the two years of the experiment, a number of significant characteristics were noted, such as the number of primary branches and the plant height (in centimeters) related to vegetative development. For every replication, a statistical analysis of the mean values was performed. Results: Out of all the cultivars evaluated, BSS-834 and Laila showed the best yield and yield-related attributes. Conclusion: It is therefore advised to cultivate these two excellent kinds, "BSS-834" and "Laila," in light of the findings

Regulation of Phosphoinositide Signaling by Scaffolds at Cytoplasmic Membranes

Cytoplasmic phosphoinositides (PI) are critical regulators of the membrane–cytosol interface that control a myriad of cellular functions despite their low abundance among phospholipids. The metabolic cycle that generates different PI species is crucial to their regulatory role, controlling membrane dynamics, vesicular trafficking, signal transduction, and other key cellular events. The synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PI3,4,5P3) in the cytoplamic PI3K/Akt pathway is central to the life and death of a cell. This review will focus on the emerging evidence that scaffold proteins regulate the PI3K/Akt pathway in distinct membrane structures in response to diverse stimuli, challenging the belief that the plasma membrane is the predominant site for PI3k/Akt signaling. In addition, we will discuss how PIs regulate the recruitment of specific scaffolding complexes to membrane structures to coordinate vesicle formation, fusion, and reformation during autophagy as well as a novel lysosome repair pathway

The Status of Domestic Water Demand: Supply Deficit in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 targets access to water and sanitation for all people in the next 15 years. However, for developing countries such as Nepal, it is more challenging to achieve this goal given its poor infrastructure and high population growth. To assess the water crisis in the most developed and populated area of Nepal, the Kathmandu Valley, we estimated available water resources and domestic water demand in the valley. We estimated a supply deficit of 102 million liters per day (MLD) in 2016, after completion of the first phase of the Melamchi Water Supply Project (MWSP). If the MWSP is completed within the specified timeframe, and sufficient treatment and distribution infrastructure is developed, then there would be no water deficit by 2023–2025. This indicates that the MWSP will make a significant contribution to the valley’s water security. However, emphasis must be given to utilizing all of the water available from the MWSP by developing sufficient water treatment and distribution infrastructure. Alternate mitigation options, such as planning land use for potential recharge, introducing micro- to macro-level rainwater harvesting structures, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources, and water demand-side management, would also be helpful

PtdIns(4,5)P2signaling regulates ATG14 and autophagy

Overall view from the Reichstag roof; Houses the personal offices of the Chancellor (head of the German Federal Government) and the Chancellery staff. Built in concrete and glass in an essentially postmodern style, though some elements of modernist style are evident. Occupying 12,000 square meters (129,166 square feet), it is also one of the largest government headquarters buildings in the world. By comparison, the new Chancellery building is eight times the size of the White House. A semi-official Chancellor's apartment is located on the top floor of the building, although only one Chancellor has lived there so far. Parliamentary committees and subcommittees, public hearings and faction meetings take place in three auxiliary buildings, which surround the Reichstag building: the Jakob-Kaiser-Haus, Paul-Löbe-Haus and Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus. Source: Wikipedia; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (accessed 4/26/2013