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    An谩lisis comparativo de la defensa antioxidante en cirug铆a card铆aca con y sin circulaci贸n extracorp贸rea

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    Introducci贸n y objetivos. Durante la cirug铆a card铆aca se produce una isquemia mioc谩rdica transitoria que implica el desarrollo de fen贸menos de estr茅s oxidativo con liberaci贸n de radicales libres. El da帽o resultante puede ser menor si se obvia el bypass aortopulmonar. Se estudia el sistema antioxidante del glutati贸n como medida indirecta del da帽o oxidativo asociado con la cirug铆a card铆aca. Se analiza la influencia del empleo de circulaci贸n extracorp贸rea. Pacientes y m茅todo. Se incluye a 19 pacientes en los que se realiz贸 cirug铆a card铆aca, 9 de ellos con bomba (47,4%). De cada paciente se extrajeron muestras sangu铆neas en diferentes momentos (intraoperatorios y postoperatorios) y en ellas se cuantificaron el glutati贸n (total, oxidado y reducido) plasm谩tico e intraeritrocitario y se determin贸 la actividad enzim谩tica implicada (glutati贸n-peroxidasa, glutati贸n-reductasa y glutati贸n-transferasa). Resultados. El glutati贸n total disminuy贸 m谩s en los pacientes operados con circulaci贸n extracorp贸rea. Tambi茅n se redujo el glutati贸n oxidado plasm谩tico e intraeritrocitario, lo que expresa una defensa antioxidante ineficaz, mientras que en los casos sin bomba esta tendencia fue creciente. No hubo diferencias significativas en la actividad enzim谩tica entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones. En nuestra serie, los pacientes intervenidos sin circulaci贸n extracorp贸rea mostraron un mejor perfil antioxidante en relaci贸n con el sistema del glutati贸n. Esto puede traducirse en que la cirug铆a card铆aca sin bomba resulta menos agresiva para el miocardio. Palabras clave: Defensa antioxidante. Cirug铆a card铆aca. Estr茅s oxidativo. Glutati贸n. Isquemia-reperfusi贸n. Radical libre. Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Defense During On-Pump and Off-Pump Cardiac Surgery Introduction and objectives. The transient myocardial ischemia that occurs during cardiac surgery leads to oxidative stress and the production of free radicals. The resulting damage can be reduced if cardiopulmonary bypass is avoided. We obtained indirect measures of the oxidative damage occurring during cardiac surgery by monitoring the glutathione system and we studied the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients and method. The study included 19 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in 9 (47.4%). Blood samples were obtained from each patient at different times during and after surgery. Total, oxidized and reduced glutathione levels were measured, as was the activity of related enzymes (i.e., glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase). Results. The total glutathione level decreased more in patients in whom cardiopulmonary bypass had been used. In addition, the oxidized glutathione level was reduced in these patients, which suggests that antioxidant defense was not fully effective. In contrast, the oxidized glutathione level tended to increase in patients in whom cardiopulmonary bypass had not been used. There was no significant difference in enzymatic activity between the two groups. Conclusions. In this study, patients who underwent off-pump cardiac surgery had a better antioxidant profile. The implication could be that cardiac surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass has a less damaging effect on ischemic myocardium
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