12 research outputs found
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Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated Leser-Trélat sign: report and world literature review
Background: The sign of Leser-Trélat is characterizedby the sudden appearance of seborrheic keratosesassociated with an underlying malignancy. Objectives:An elderly man who developed multiple new-onsetseborrheic keratoses temporally associated witha diagnosis of mycosis fungoides is described andlymphoma-associated Leser-Trélat sign is reviewed.Methods: Pubmed was used to search the followingterms: cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Leser-Trélat,leukemia, lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, and Sézarysyndrome. Papers with these terms and referencescited within these papers were reviewed. Results:An 84-year-old man developed multiple seborrheickeratoses temporally associated with a diagnosisof mycosis fungoides is presented. He was treatedwith bexarotene and achieved clinical remission;the number of seborrheic keratoses also decreased.Lymphoma-associated Leser-Trélat sign has beenobserved not only with mycosis fungoides but alsoother lymphomas and leukemias. Conclusions: Thesign of Leser-Trélat is predominantly associated withsolid organ adenocarcinomas. Albeit less common, aneruptive onset of seborrheic keratoses can also occurin association with hematopoietic malignancies
Adult Atopic Dermatitis with Comorbid Atopic Disease is Associated with Increased Risk of Infections: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
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Characteristics of research tracks in dermatology residency programs: a national survey
Pursuing research is encouraged in dermatology residency programs. Some programs offer specific research or investigative tracks. Currently, there is little data on the structure or scope of research tracks in dermatology residency programs. An anonymous online survey was distributed to the Association of Professors of Dermatology listserve in 2016. Program directors of dermatology residency programs in the United States were asked to participate and 38 of the 95 program directors responded. The survey results confirmed that a 2+2 research track, which is two years of clinical training followed by two years of research, was the most common investigator trackmodel and may promote an academic career at the resident’s home institution. Further studies will help determine the most effective research track models to promote long-term outcomes
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Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in a young woman
Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (CD4+PCSM-LPD) is a low-grade cutaneous T cell disorder. There is no standardized approach to treatment of CD4+ PCSM-LPD due to its rarity. Herein, we discuss a 33-year-old woman with CD4+PCSM-LPD which resolved after a partial biopsy. We highlight that conservative and local treatment modalities should be considered prior to utilizing more aggressive and invasive treatment options
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Bullous impetigo on a young man's abdomen
Bullous impetigo is a variant of epidermal infection by Staphylococcus aureus, representing 30% of impetigo cases. Its clinical appearance may mimic certain autoimmune blistering dermatoses and other cutaneous infections, sometimes necessitating careful evaluation. Herein we present a patient with bullous impetigo in a striking and characteristic appearance and briefly overview the approach to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention
Noradrenergic Neurons Regulate Monocyte Trafficking and Mortality during Gram-Negative Peritonitis in Mice
Effective host defense requires a robust, yet self-limited response to pathogens. A poorly calibrated response can lead to either bacterial dissemination due to insufficient inflammation or organ injury due to excessive inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex helps calibrate the immune response. However, the influence of peripheral noradrenergic neurons, which are primarily sympathetic neurons, in regulating immunity remains incompletely characterized. Using a model of 6-hydroxydopamine-mediated noradrenergic nerve ablation, we show that elimination of noradrenergic neurons improves survival during Klebsiella pneumoniae peritonitis (67 versus 23%, p < 0.005) in mice. The survival benefit results from enhanced MCP-1-dependent monocyte recruitment and a subsequent decrease in bacterial loads. Splenectomy eliminated both the survival benefit of 6-hydroxydopamine and monocyte recruitment, suggesting that monocytes recruited to the peritoneum originate in the spleen. These results suggest that noradrenergic neurons regulate the immune response through two pathways. First, sympathetic nerve-derived norepinephrine directly restrains MCP-1 production by peritoneal macrophages during infection. Second, norepinephrine derived from the vagally innervated splenic nerve regulates splenic monocyte egress. Removal of these two modulators of the immune response enhances antibacterial immunity and improves survival. These results may have implications for how states of catecholamine excess influence the host response to bacterial infections
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Cutaneous larva migrans in the northeastern US
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a dermo-epidermal parasitic infection with a disproportionate incidence in developing countries, particularly in, and near tropical areas. It is characterized by erythematous, twisting, and linear plaques that can migrate to adjacent skin. Herein, we present an otherwise healthy 45-year-old woman who acquired a pruritic, erythematous, and serpiginous rash localized to her right medial ankle during a trip to New England. Oral ivermectin, the preferred first-line treatment for cutaneous larva migrans, was administered in combination with triamcinolone. This was followed by removal of the papular area via punch biopsy; treatment was successful with a one-week recovery. Although cutaneous larva migrans has traditionally been considered a tropical disease, clinicians should be cognizant of its expanding geographic spread
Staphylococcus aureus Exploits Epidermal Barrier Defects in Atopic Dermatitis to Trigger Cytokine Expression
Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have an abnormal skin barrier and are frequently colonized by S. aureus. In this study we investigated if S. aureus penetrates the epidermal barrier of subjects with AD and sought to understand the mechanism and functional significance of this entry. S. aureus was observed to be more abundant in the dermis of lesional skin from AD patients. Bacterial entry past the epidermis was observed in cultured human skin equivalents and in mice but was found to be increased in the skin of cathelicidin knockout and ovalbumin-sensitized filaggrin mutant mice. S. aureus penetration through the epidermis was dependent on bacterial viability and protease activity, because killed bacteria and a protease-null mutant strain of S. aureus were unable to penetrate. Entry of S. aureus directly correlated with increased expression of IL-4, IL-13, IL-22, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, and other cytokines associated with AD and with decreased expression of cathelicidin. These data illustrate how abnormalities of the epidermal barrier in AD can alter the balance of S. aureus entry into the dermis and provide an explanation for how such dermal dysbiosis results in increased inflammatory cytokines and exacerbation of disease