Cooking Vessels, Volumes, and Venues: Evidence from LM IIIC Kavousi Vronda and Karphi

Glowacki, K.T., and L.P. Day. “Cooking Vessels, Volumes, and Venues: Evidence from LM IIIC Kavousi Vronda and Karphi.” Abstract of paper read at Διατροφικές συνήθειες και πρακτικές στην Κρήτη διαχρονικά [Dietary Habits and Practices in Crete over Time], Museum of Cretan Ethnology, Voroi, Crete, Greece, September 9–10, 2017.Our understanding of diet and culinary practices at the Late Minoan IIIC settlement sites of Kavousi Vronda and Karphi is based upon several different types of physical evidence that have been recovered through excavation. These include the botanical and faunal remains of plants and animals available to and consumed by the inhabitants; ceramic vessels used for the cooking and consumption of food and drink; built and fixed cooking installations, such as hearths and ovens; and the architectural spaces within the settlements where food preparation and consumption most likely took place. Each type of evidence is, by itself, incomplete and dependent upon differential preservation resulting from site formation processes specific to each archaeological context. Taken together, however, they allow us to gain important insights into key aspects of food cultivation, provisioning, processing, preparation, and convivial practices on Crete in the 12th and 11th centuries BC. In this paper, we will compare and contrast the evidence for food preparation and dining at each site, paying special attention to the forms and sizes of ceramic vessels used for cooking and consumption

Detection of γH2AX foci in mouse normal brain and brain tumor after boron neutron capture therapy

AimIn this study, we investigated γH2AX foci as markers of DSBs in normal brain and brain tumor tissue in mouse after BNCT.BackgroundBoron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a particle radiation therapy in combination of thermal neutron irradiation and boron compound that specifically accumulates in the tumor. 10B captures neutrons and produces an alpha (4He) particle and a recoiled lithium nucleus (7Li). These particles have the characteristics of extremely high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation and therefore have marked biological effects. High LET radiation causes severe DNA damage, DNA DSBs. As the high LET radiation induces complex DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), large proportions of DSBs are considered to remain unrepaired in comparison with exposure to sparsely ionizing radiation.Materials and methodsWe analyzed the number of γH2AX foci by immunohistochemistry 30[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]min or 24[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]h after neutron irradiation.ResultsIn both normal brain and brain tumor, γH2AX foci induced by 10B(n,α)7Li reaction remained 24[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]h after neutron beam irradiation. In contrast, γH2AX foci produced by γ-ray irradiation at contaminated dose in BNCT disappeared 24[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]h after irradiation in these tissues.ConclusionDSBs produced by 10B(n,α)7Li reaction are supposed to be too complex to repair for cells in normal brain and brain tumor tissue within 24[[ce:hsp sp="0.25"/]]h. These DSBs would be more difficult to repair than those by γ-ray. Excellent anti-tumor effect of BNCT may result from these unrepaired DSBs induced by 10B(n,α)7Li reaction

肺腫瘍に対する体幹部定位放射線治療における不均質補正法が標的線量に与える影響の評価

京都大学0048新制・論文博士博士(医学)乙第12916号論医博第2091号新制||医||1009(附属図書館)32126京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 増永 慎一郎, 教授 伊達 洋至, 教授 鈴木 実学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA

Wortmannin efficiently suppresses the recovery from radiation-induced damage in pimonidazole-unlabeled quiescent tumor cell population.

Labeling of proliferating (P) cells in mice bearing EL4 tumors was achieved by continuous administration of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). Tumors were irradiated with γ-rays at 1 h after pimonidazole administration followed by caffeine or wortmannin treatment. Twenty-four hours later, assessment of the responses of quiescent (Q) and total (= P + Q) cell populations were based on the frequencies of micronucleation and apoptosis using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. The response of the pimonidazole-unlabeled tumor cell fractions was assessed by means of apoptosis frequency using immunofluorescence staining for pimonidazole. The pimonidazole-unlabeled cell fraction showed significantly enhanced radio-sensitivity compared with the whole cell fraction more remarkably in Q cells than total cells. However, a significantly greater decrease in radio-sensitivity in the pimonidazole-unlabeled than the whole cell fraction, evaluated using an assay performed 24 hours after irradiation, was more clearly observed in Q cells than total cells. In both the pimonidazole-unlabeled and the whole cell fractions, wortmannin efficiently suppressed the reduction in sensitivity due to delayed assay. Wortmannin combined with γ-ray irradiation is useful for suppressing the recovery from radiation-induced damage especially in the pimonidazole-unlabeled cell fraction within the total and Q tumor cell populations

Detailed dosimetric evaluation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans created for stage C prostate cancer based on a planning protocol.

[Background]: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been employed as a precision radiation therapy with higher conformity to the target. Although clinical outcomes have been reported for many investigations, detailed treatment planning results have not been mentioned to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dose specifications of our IMRT treatment plans for locally advanced prostate cancer. [Methods]: Seventy-seven clinically applied IMRT plans treated between September 2003 and December 2005, in which patients were irradiated with 78 Gy in the prone position, were retrospectively analyzed. Dosimetric data output from dose volume histograms were evaluated in detail. [Results]: The mean dose ± standard deviation, homogeneity index, and conformity index to the planning target volume (PTV) were 78.3 ± 0.7 Gy (100.4 ± 0.9%), 13.7 ± 3.0, and 0.83 ± 0.04, respectively. For the clinical target volume, the mean dose was 80.3 ± 0.7 Gy (102.9 ± 0.9%).The V40, V60, and V70 Gy of the rectal wall were 58.3 ± 2.8, 29.6 ± 2.7, and 15.2 ± 3.0%, respectively. Planning difficulties were encountered in patients whose bowels were displaced downward, as constraints imposed by the bowel position altered the dose index of the PTV. In many cases, additional bowel optimization parameters were required to satisfy constraints for organs at risk. However, major deviation could be avoided by inverse planning with computer optimization. [Conclusion]: IMRT allowed the creation of acceptable and practical treatment plans for locally advanced prostate cancer. Reports regarding detailed dosimetric evaluations are mandatory for interpreting clinical outcomes in the future

The dependency of compound biological effectiveness factors on the type and the concentration of administered neutron capture agents in boron neutron capture therapy

[Purpose]To examine the effect of the type and the concentration of neutron capture agents on the values of compound biological effectiveness (CBE) in boron neutron capture therapy. [Methods and materials]After the subcutaneous administration of a 10B-carrier, boronophenylalanine-10B (BPA) or sodium mercaptododecaborate-10B (BSH), at 3 separate concentrations, the 10B concentrations in tumors were measured by γ-ray spectrometry. SCC VII tumor-bearing C3H/He mice received 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) continuously to label all intratumor proliferating (P) cells, then treated with BPA or BSH. Immediately after reactor neutron beam irradiation, during which intratumor 10B concentrations were kept at levels similar to each other, cells from some tumors were isolated and incubated with a cytokinesis blocker. The responses of BrdU-unlabeled quiescent (Q) and total (= P + Q) tumor cells were assessed based on the frequencies of micronucleation using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. [Results] The CBE values were higher in Q cells and in the use of BPA than total cells and BSH, respectively. In addition, the higher the administered concentrations were, the smaller the CBE values became, with a clearer tendency in the use of BPA than BSH. The values for neutron capture agents that deliver into solid tumors more dependently on uptake capacity of tumor cells became more changeable. [Conclusion]Tumor characteristics, such as micro-environmental heterogeneity, stochastic genetic or epigenetic changes, or hierarchical organization of tumor cells, are thought to partially influence on the value of CBE, meaning that the CBE value itself may be one of the indices showing the degree of tumor heterogeneity

Effect of bevacizumab combined with boron neutron capture therapy on local tumor response and lung metastasis.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of bevacizumab on local tumor response and lung metastatic potential during boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and in particular, the response of intratumor quiescent (Q) cells. B16-BL6 melanoma tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice were continuously administered bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to label all proliferating (P) tumor cells. The tumors were irradiated with thermal neutron beams following the administration of a (10)B-carrier [L-para-boronophenylalanine-(10)B (BPA) or sodium mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate-(10)B (BSH)], with or without the administration of bevacizumab. This was further combined with an acute hypoxia-releasing agent (nicotinamide) or mild temperature hyperthermia (MTH, 40°C for 60 min). Immediately following the irradiation, cells from certain tumors were isolated and incubated with a cytokinesis blocker. The responses of the Q cells and the total (P+Q) cell populations were assessed based on the frequency of micronuclei using immunofluorescence staining for BrdU. In other tumor-bearing mice, 17 days following irradiation, lung metastases were enumerated. Three days following bevacizumab administration, the sensitivity of the total tumor cell population following BPA-BNCT had increased more than that following BSH-BNCT. The combination with MTH, but not with nicotinamide, further enhanced total tumor cell population sensitivity. Regardless of the presence of a (10)B-carrier, MTH enhanced the sensitivity of the Q cell population. Regardless of irradiation, the administration of bevacizumab, as well as nicotinamide treatment, demonstrated certain potential in reducing the number of lung metastases especially in BPA-BNCT compared with BSH-BNCT. Thus, the current study revealed that BNCT combined with bevacizumab has the potential to sensitize total tumor cells and cause a reduction in the number of lung metastases to a similar level as nicotinamide

Dose-volume metrics associated with radiation pneumonitis after stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung cancer.

[Purpose]To identify dose–volume factors associated with radiation pneumonitis (RP) after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung cancer. [Methods and Materials]This study analyzed 74 patients who underwent SBRT for primary lung cancer. The prescribed dose for SBRT was uniformly 48 Gy in four fractions at the isocenter. RP was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.3. Symptomatic RP was defined as grade 2 or worse. Optimal cut-offs dividing the patient population into two subgroups based on the incidence of symptomatic RP were sought using the following dose–volume metrics: PTV volume (ml), mean lung dose (Gy), and V5, V10, V15, V20, V25, V30, V35, and V40 (%) of both lungs excluding the PTV. [Results]With a median follow-up duration of 31.4 months, symptomatic RP was observed in 15 patients (20.3%), including 1 patient with grade 3. Optimal cut-offs for pulmonary dose–volume metrics were V25 and V20. These two factors were highly correlated with each other, and V25 was more significant. Symptomatic RP was observed in 14.8% of the patients with V25 <4.2%, and the rate was 46.2% in the remainder (p = 0.019). PTV volume was another significant factor. The symptomatic RP rate was significantly lower in the group with PTV <37.7 ml compared with the larger PTV group (11.1% vs. 34.5%, p = 0.020). The patients were divided into three subgroups (patients with PTV <37.7 ml; patients with, PTV ≥37.7 ml and V25 <4.2%; and patients with PTV ≥37.7 ml and V25 ≥4.2%); the incidence of RP grade 2 or worse was 11.1%, 23.5%, and 50.0%, respectively (p = 0.013). [Conclusions]Lung V25 and PTV volume were significant factors associated with RP after SBRT

Histopathological study of corpora amylacea pulmonum

In this paper, we present a rare disorder which is known as corpora amylacea pulmonum. X-ray CT scanning showed an abnormal focus of the lung as a solitary mass with high density and spicular features around the surface. The resected l u n ~ti ssue was - - U characterized by the appearance of round, concentrically laminated acellular bodies about 40-80 microns in diameter. The bodies were usually found lying free in the alveolar space and surrounded by the exudate alveolar macrophages or multinuclear giant cells. Some of these macrophages were in a state of progressive degeneration. The bodies showed an affinity for Congo red and exhibited partial birefringence. Moreover, al1 the bodies had a strong positivity for the PAS reaction and anti lysozyme antibodies. The exudate alveolar macrophages and multinuclear giant cells also displayed reactivity for PAS and lysozyme in a similar manner to that of the bodies. Electron microscopically the bodies were fundamentally composed of fibrillar elements, which bore some resemblance to amyloid fibrils and probably accounted for the partial affinity of the bodies for Congo red. These amyloid-like fibrils were also found in the cytoplasm of the macrophages. This suggested that the concentrically laminated bodies in corpora amylacea pulmonum might be formed by sequential aggregation, fusion, coalescence and compaction of degenerated alveolar macrophages