Characterization of reactive disazo dye decolorization by tropical basidiomycetes.

Corantes reativos têxteis podem ser degradados por basidiomicetos, por meio de enzimas oxidativas e hidrolíticas, e compostos de baixa massa molar. Foi avaliada a descoloração de CI Reactive Blue 222 por Peniophora cinerea, Pleurotus ostreatus e Trametes villosa, selecionando condições ótimas para o processo e diferentes vias metabólicas foram observadas. A degradação foi confirmada por cromatografia de camada delgada. Foi sugerido que lacases de P. ostreatus oxidam o grupo cromóforo azo, ligado ao fenol, nas primeiras 24 horas, conjuntamente hidroxilização não enzimática. Lacases de P. cinerea oxidam Mn+2 e quinona, possibilitando a via de Fenton e hidroxilizando assim a molécula do corante, paulatinamente, a partir das ligações mais vulneráveis. T. villosa faz uso prioritariamente da via de Fenton, hidroxilizando gradativamente a molécula do corante. Dessa forma, embora a maioria de estudos associem a produção enzimática à descoloração, a participação dos compostos de baixa massa molar não pode ser negligenciada.Reactive textile dyes can be degraded by basidiomycetes, by means of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes, and low molecular weight compounds. Was evaluated the CI Reactive Blue 222 decolorization by Peniophora cinerea, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Trametes villosa, selecting optimal conditions for the process and different metabolic pathways were observed. The degradation was confirmed by thin layer chromatography. It was suggested that P. ostreatus laccases oxidize azo chromophore group attached to the phenol, within 24 hours, together nonenzymatic hydroxylizating. P. cinerea laccases oxidize Mn+2 and quinone, enabling via Fenton and so hidroxylizing the dye molecule, gradually, from the most vulnerable links. T. villosa uses primarily via Fenton, gradually hidroxylizing the dye molecule. Thus, although most studies have linked enzyme production with the decolorization, the share of low molecular weight compounds can not be neglected

Decolorization of CI Reactive Blue 222 by immobilized basidiomycetes in response to different carbon and nitrogen inputs

ABSTRACT Reactive dyes are found in the final effluents of the textile industry and cannot be removed by conventional treatment processes. The use of basidiomycetes appears to be an effective strategy to degrade dye molecules. In this paper, the parameters that favor decolorization of diazo dye were assessed using basidiomycetes immobilized in Luffa cylindrica. Different concentrations of saccharose and urea were assessed, in addition to the introduction of an enriched synthetic effluent. Results showed that the best decolorization occurred at the highest concentration of saccharose and the lowest of urea. It was observed a high biosorptive capacity of the solid support, which decreased when the effluent was enriched with saccharose and urea due to consequent increase in microbial activity. Using the enriched effluent, Pleurotus ostreatus decolorized about 70% within 48 hours, and Trametes villosa decolorized 58% after 240 hours. Peniophora cinerea did not respond to the conditions tested

Decolorization of CI Reactive Blue 222 by immobilized basidiomycetes in response to different carbon and nitrogen inputs

<div><p>ABSTRACT Reactive dyes are found in the final effluents of the textile industry and cannot be removed by conventional treatment processes. The use of basidiomycetes appears to be an effective strategy to degrade dye molecules. In this paper, the parameters that favor decolorization of diazo dye were assessed using basidiomycetes immobilized in Luffa cylindrica. Different concentrations of saccharose and urea were assessed, in addition to the introduction of an enriched synthetic effluent. Results showed that the best decolorization occurred at the highest concentration of saccharose and the lowest of urea. It was observed a high biosorptive capacity of the solid support, which decreased when the effluent was enriched with saccharose and urea due to consequent increase in microbial activity. Using the enriched effluent, Pleurotus ostreatus decolorized about 70% within 48 hours, and Trametes villosa decolorized 58% after 240 hours. Peniophora cinerea did not respond to the conditions tested.</p></div

Physiological Characterization of Fungal Inoculum for Biotechnological Remediation of Soils

The aim of this work was to study the bioremediating potential of Lentinus crinitus CCIBt2611 according to the physiological condition of the inoculum. Inoculum was prepared using sugarcane ground husk (C:N 90), at several physiological ages and applied in soil contaminated with pentachlorophenol. The inoculum's potential was assessed by evaluating the mycelium's vigor at soil's colonization, determination of peroxidase and phenoloxidase activities, in vitro degradation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R and in vivo degradation of pentachlorophenol. The results showed that the assessed parameters were relevant to identify the quality of the inoculum. For L. crinitus, 10 day old inoculum showed good soil-colonization speed with significant enzymatic activities, indicating the role of Manganese-dependent peroxidase and laccase in degradation, and efficient degradation of pentachlorophenol

Use of condensed water from air conditioning systems

Facing the growing demand for water, discussions on environmental sustainability and conservation of this resource have become increasingly important. Among the possibilities for water conservation, air conditioning systems have potential applicability because, during their operation, water is generated via the condensation of air humidity, which is normally discarded. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the water released by air conditioning equipment (condensed water) installed in the Laboratory of Water Analysis (LAnA) qualitatively and quantitatively, in order to verify its potential for use in the laboratory itself. For this, the quality of the water produced by three air conditioners was compared water quality parameters found in the literature, as well as with water produced by a distiller and an ultra-purifier, both used in the LAnA. Water quality was evaluated using physicochemical parameters (i.e. pH, electrical conductivity, resistivity, alkalinity, turbidity, apparent color and hardness) and microbiological parameters (i.e. total coliforms, Escherichia coli and heterotrophic bacteria). The average water flow produced by the three monitored air conditioners was 3.08 L/hour, which is higher than the daily consumption by the LAnA, indicating that its use would be quantitatively propitious. The physicochemical and microbiological analyses found that, condensed water can be used in the routine activities of LAnA. However, for its use as reagent-grade water, a prior treatment would be necessary, mainly due to the presence of heterotrophic bacteria

Electrochemical Characterization of Central Action Tricyclic Drugs by Voltammetric Techniques and Density Functional Theory Calculations

This work details the study of the redox behavior of the drugs cyclobenzaprine (CBP), amitriptyline (AMP) and nortriptyline (NOR) through voltammetric methods and computational chemistry. Results obtained in this study show that the amine moiety of each compound is more likely to undergo oxidation at 1a at Ep1a &asymp; 0.69, 0.79, 0.93 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/KClsat) for CBP, AMP and NOR, respectively. Moreover, CBP presented a second peak, 2a at Ep2a &asymp; 0.98 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/KClsat) at pH 7.0. Furthermore, the electronic structure calculation results corroborate the electrochemical assays regarding the HOMO energies of the lowest energy conformers of each molecule. The mechanism for each anodic process is proposed according to electroanalytical and computational chemistry findings, which show evidence that the methods herein employed may be a valuable alternative to study the redox behavior of structurally similar drugs