APPLICABILITY OF FILAMENTOUS FUNGI TO TREATMENT OF CASSAVA STARCH PROCESSING WASTEWATER CONTAINING CYANIDE

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

REMOVAL OF DISSOLVED METAL IONS BY BIOGENIC MANGANESE OXIDES PRODUCED BY ENRICHMENT CULTURES OF MANGANESE-OXIDIZING BACTERIA

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Structure of nanocrystalline phyllomanganates produced by freshwater fungi

International audienceThe crystal structures of biogenic Mn oxides produced by three fungal strains isolated from stream pebbles were determined using chemical analyses, XANES and EXAFS spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. The fungi-mediated oxidation of aqueous Mn2+ produces layered Mn oxides analogous to vernadite, a natural nanostructured and turbostratic variety of birnessite. The crystallites have domain dimensions of ~10 nm in the layer plane (equivalent to ~35 MnO6 octahedra), and ~1.5-2.2 nm perpendicularly (equivalent to ~2-3 layers), on average. The layers have hexagonal symmetry and from 22 to 30% vacant octahedral sites. This proportion likely includes edge sites, given the extremely small lateral size of the layers. The layer charge deficit, resulting from the missing layer Mn4+ cations, is balanced mainly by interlayer Mn3+ cations in triple-corner sharing position above and/or below vacant layer octahedra. The high surface area, defective crystal structure, and mixed Mn valence confer to these bio-minerals an extremely high chemical reactivity. They serve in the environment as sorption substrate for trace elements and possess catalytic redox properties

Morphological changes in the meibomian glands of patients with phlyctenular keratitis: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Summary of 13 patients with phlyctenular keratitis. (XLSX 11 kb

Origin of carbon and essential fatty acids in higher trophic level fish in headwater stream food webs

Dietary carbon sources in headwater stream food webs are divided into allochthonous and autochthonous organic matters. We hypothesized that: 1) the dietary allochthonous contribution for fish in headwater stream food webs positively relate with canopy cover; and 2) essential fatty acids originate from autochthonous organic matter regardless of canopy covers, because essential fatty acids, such as 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3, are normally absent in allochthonous organic matters. We investigated predatory fish Salvelinus leucomaenis stomach contents in four headwater stream systems, which are located in subarctic region in northern Japan. In addition, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios, fatty acid profile, and stable carbon isotope ratios of essential fatty acids were analyzed. Bulk stable carbon analysis showed the major contribution of autochthonous sources to assimilated carbon in S. leucomaenis. Surface baits in the stomach had intermediate stable carbon isotope ratios between autochthonous and allochthonous organic matter, indicating aquatic carbon was partly assimilated by surface baits. Stable carbon isotope ratios of essential fatty acids showed a positive relationship between autochthonous sources and S. leucomaenis across four study sites. This study demonstrated that the main supplier of dietary carbon and essential fatty acids was autochthonous organic matter even in headwater stream ecosystems under high canopy cover