Color Removal of Reactive Procion Dyes by Clay Adsorbents

AbstractThe adsorptions of reactive procion brilliant red H-EGXL and procion yellow H-EXL by various clay adsorbents were investigated in this research. The research showed that synthetic talc has the highest adsorption capacity for decolorization of both procion type of reactive dyes compared with other clay adsorbents. The removal efficiencies of synthetic talc relatively stable above 80% until the initial dye concentration reached at 160mg.L-1 of both reactive procion dyes when the liquid/solid ratio of 50mL.g-1. Synthetic talc and kaolin showed higher adsorption capacity under acidic condition than neutral and alkaline condition because of higher zeta potential. The adsorption isotherm of synthetic talc and kaolin were fitted by Langmuir adsorption isotherm that assumes that dyes molecule only formed monolayer over the homogenous surface of adsorbent

High speed formation of pyro-carbon coat on silicon carbide fiber by continuous chemical vapor deposition furnace

In order to develop a practical process for the carbon coating on SiC fiber, high-speed and continuous pyrocarbon (PyC) coating process are under development by using a continuous CVD furnace with open-ends structure. The effects of process gas and winding speed have been investigated. It was revealed that the growth rate of PyC is in proportion to winding speed and the flow rate of process gas. PyC growth rate was reached up to 250 nm/min, which is several hundred higher than those of conventional CVI/CVD methods This results indicates that the mass production of PyC coated SiC fiber without unexpected residual deformation (torsion and curvature) is possible. And, the mass production and practical use of SiC/SiC using PyC coated SiC fiber will be largely promoted

A Case of Inoperable Duodenal Cancer Achieving Long-Term Survival after Multidisciplinary Treatment

A 50-year-old female became aware of skin yellowing and consulted another hospital where she was diagnosed intraoperatively with duodenal cancer because of lymph node metastases around the aorta. Endoscopy revealed type IIa + IIc cancer distal to the duodenal papilla, and biopsy allowed a diagnosis of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography revealed a large number of lymph node metastases around the aorta and in the left supraclavicular cavity. The patient was given many regimens of chemotherapy, mainly containing S-1, and multidisciplinary treatment, and achieved long-term survival for 6 years and 1 month. This is a valuable case suggesting the usefulness of this therapeutic approach. In view of the fact that duodenal cancer is a relatively rare disease and the possibility that the incidence of this disease may increase in the future, it seems essential to collect additional data from multicenter prospective studies towards the goal of establishing a standard method of treatment for this disease

Genome Features of “Dark-Fly”, a Drosophila Line Reared Long-Term in a Dark Environment

Organisms are remarkably adapted to diverse environments by specialized metabolisms, morphology, or behaviors. To address the molecular mechanisms underlying environmental adaptation, we have utilized a Drosophila melanogaster line, termed “Dark-fly”, which has been maintained in constant dark conditions for 57 years (1400 generations). We found that Dark-fly exhibited higher fecundity in dark than in light conditions, indicating that Dark-fly possesses some traits advantageous in darkness. Using next-generation sequencing technology, we determined the whole genome sequence of Dark-fly and identified approximately 220,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 4,700 insertions or deletions (InDels) in the Dark-fly genome compared to the genome of the Oregon-R-S strain, a control strain. 1.8% of SNPs were classified as non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs: i.e., they alter the amino acid sequence of gene products). Among them, we detected 28 nonsense mutations (i.e., they produce a stop codon in the protein sequence) in the Dark-fly genome. These included genes encoding an olfactory receptor and a light receptor. We also searched runs of homozygosity (ROH) regions as putative regions selected during the population history, and found 21 ROH regions in the Dark-fly genome. We identified 241 genes carrying nsSNPs or InDels in the ROH regions. These include a cluster of alpha-esterase genes that are involved in detoxification processes. Furthermore, analysis of structural variants in the Dark-fly genome showed the deletion of a gene related to fatty acid metabolism. Our results revealed unique features of the Dark-fly genome and provided a list of potential candidate genes involved in environmental adaptation

Bromate Formation Characteristics of UV Irradiation, Hydrogen Peroxide Addition, Ozonation, and Their Combination Processes

Bromate formation characteristics of six-physicochemical oxidation processes, UV irradiation, single addition of hydrogen peroxide, ozonation, UV irradiation with hydrogen peroxide addition (UV/H2O2), ozonation with hydrogen peroxide addition (O3/H2O2), and ozonation with UV irradiation (O3/UV) were investigated using 1.88 μM of potassium bromide solution with or without 6.4 μM of 4-chlorobenzoic acid. Bromate was not detected during UV irradiation, single addition of H2O2, and UV/H2O2, whereas ozone-based treatments produced . Hydroxyl radicals played more important role in bromate formation than molecular ozone. Acidification and addition of radical scavengers such as 4-chlorobenzoic acid were effective in inhibiting bromate formation during the ozone-based treatments because of inhibition of hydroxyl radical generation and consumption of hydroxyl radicals, respectively. The H2O2 addition was unable to decompose 4-chlorobenzoic acid, though O3/UV and O3/H2O2 showed the rapid degradation, and UV irradiation and UV/H2O2 showed the slow degradation. Consequently, if the concentration of organic contaminants is low, the UV irradiation and/or UV/H2O2 are applicable to organic contaminants removal without bromate formation. However, if the concentration of organic contaminants is high, O3/H2O2 and O3/UV should be discussed as advanced oxidation processes because of their high organic removal efficiency and low bromate formation potential at the optimum condition

Effectiveness of active control of surface charge of filter media on separation of microparticles from contaminated wastewater

Abstract Depth filtration is a conventional concept for the solid–liquid separation process through granular media, and this technique is very useful in removal of large-sized particle. However, in the case of microparticles smaller than the pore space it does not function well. Accordingly, an effective small particle removal technique is desired. In this research, a carbon fiber felt was introduced as filter media and ± 1.0 V terminal voltage was applied for activating the media to enhance in adsorbing as well as desorbing the fine particles in the filtration and back-washing. Kaolin particles in the range of 0.1–4.0 µm were used as a model of microparticles. The complete kaolin particle removal was observed in pure water, and it decreased to around 50% in the anionic surfactant-contaminated wastewater at the hydraulic loading of 283 L/m2/min. On the contrary, at the back-washing hydraulic loading of 1274 L/m2/min, the kaolin particle washout removal efficiency was found to be around 73% in pure water and it dramatically decreased and found within the range of 5–50% when the kaolin was in contact with anionic surfactant and wastewater. Although the kaolin particle washout removal rate was observed very low in wastewater, this technique would be very useful in enhancing the refreshment of the filter media for extending the production time of the filter