Brothers with genu recurvatum

ArticleKNEE. 14(6): 500-501 (2007)journal articl

Multicolor and multi-spot observations of Starlink's Visorsat

This study provides the results of simultaneous multicolor observations for the first Visorsat (STARLINK-1436) and the ordinary Starlink satellite, STARLINK-1113 in the $U$, $B$, $V$, $g'$, $r$, $i$, $R_{\rm C}$, $I_{\rm C}$, $z$, $J$, $H$, and $K_s$ bands to quantitatively investigate the extent to which Visorsat reduces its reflected light. Our results are as follows: (1) in most cases, Virorsat is fainter than STARLINK-1113, and the sunshade on Visorsat, therefore, contributes to the reduction of the reflected sunlight; (2) the magnitude at 550 km altitude (normalized magnitude) of both satellites often reaches the naked-eye limiting magnitude ($<$ 6.0); (3) from a blackbody radiation model of the reflected flux, the peak of the reflected components of both satellites is around the $z$ band; and (4) the albedo of the near infrared range is larger than that of the optical range. Under the assumption that Visorsat and STARLINK-1113 have the same reflectivity, we estimate the covering factor, $C_{\rm f}$, of the sunshade on Visorsat, using the blackbody radiation model: the covering factor ranges from $0.18 \leq C_{\rm f} \leq 0.92$. From the multivariable analysis of the solar phase angle (Sun-target-observer), the normalized magnitude, and the covering factor, the phase angle versus covering factor distribution presents a moderate anti-correlation between them, suggesting that the magnitudes of Visorsat depend not only on the phase angle but also on the orientation of the sunshade along our line of sight. However, the impact on astronomical observations from Visorsat-designed satellites remains serious. Thus, new countermeasures are necessary for the Starlink satellites to further reduce reflected sunlight.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figures, published in PAS

多様な研究分野に利用可能な超高精細・高精度手話言語データベースの開発

Kogakuin UniversityToyota Technological InstituteChiba UniversityNagoya Institute of TechnologyKogakuin UniversityNational Museum of EthnologyNHK STRLChiba University,Kogakuin University会議名: 言語資源活用ワークショップ2018, 開催地: 国立国語研究所, 会期: 2018年9月4日-5日, 主催: 国立国語研究所 コーパス開発センター手話は言語であるにもかかわらず、音声言語と比べて言語学、工学を含む関連諸分野での研究が進んでいない。本稿では、各個分野における手話研究および学際研究の推進を目的とした、様々な分野の研究者が共通に利用できる汎用的な日本手話の語彙データベース作成について報告する。言語学者の望むデータ形式と、工学や認知科学の分野で望むデータの形式は異なることが予想される。多分野での利用を可能にするためには、分析や解析内容に応じて手話の多視点の画像、3次元動作データ、深度画像など様々なデータ形式を含むことが望まれる。さらに、時間軸上で同期したこれらのデータを、各分析者が得意とするデータ形式で解析することを可能にする。データベース上の様々な形式データを同期解析できるアノテーション支援システムも開発する予定である。これにより、様々な視点からの同一手話の解析が可能となり、手話言語に関する新たな知見が得られることが期待できる

Elucidation of the role of the complex in hydride transfer reaction between methylene blue and 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronictinamide by effect of &#947;-cyclodextrin

The kinetics of the hydride transfer reaction between Methylene Blue (MB+) and&#12288;1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH) were studied in 10 % ethanol-90 % water mixed solvents containing &#946;- and &#947;-cyclodextrins (&#946;-CD and &#947;-CD). The pseudo-first order rate constant shows kinetic saturation at high initial concentration of BNAH. This indicates the formation of a complex between MB+ and BNAH. The reaction was suppressed by addition of &#946;-CD, but enhanced by addition of &#947;-CD. MB+ and BNAH were separately accommodated within the &#946;-CD cavity and the cavity walls may protect the activity site of the reactants. On the other hand, in the MB+-BNAH-&#947;-CD system, the inclusion of the complex between MB+ and BNAH with &#947;-CD occurred. This effect of &#947;-CD can distinguish between the productive and non-productive nature of the complex.</p

High-Dynamic-Range Spectral Imaging System for Omnidirectional Scene Capture

Omnidirectional imaging technology has been widely used for scene archiving. It has been a crucial technology in many fields including computer vision, image analysis and virtual reality. It should be noted that the dynamic range of luminance values in a natural scene is quite large, and the scenes containing various objects and light sources consist of various spectral power distributions. Therefore, this paper proposes a system for acquiring high dynamic range (HDR) spectral images for capturing omnidirectional scenes. The system is constructed using two programmable high-speed video cameras with specific lenses and a programmable rotating table. Two different types of color filters are mounted on the two-color video cameras for six-band image acquisition. We present several algorithms for HDR image synthesis, lens distortion correction, image registration, and omnidirectional image synthesis. Spectral power distributions of illuminants (color signals) are recovered from the captured six-band images based on the Wiener estimation algorithm. In this paper, we present two types of applications based on our imaging system: time-lapse imaging and gigapixel imaging. The performance of the proposed system is discussed in detail in terms of the system configurations, acquisition time, artifacts, and spectral estimation accuracy. Experimental results in actual scenes demonstrate that the proposed system is feasible and powerful for acquiring HDR spectral scenes through time-lapse or gigapixel omnidirectional imaging approaches. Finally, we apply the captured omnidirectional images to time-lapse spectral Computer Graphics (CG) renderings and spectral-based relighting of an indoor gigapixel image

Arrangement of a NO ligand and the neighboring sulfur-containing species on a dinuclear ruthenium complex by ligand substitution and linkage isomerism of a dimethyl sulfoxide ligand

The substitution reactions of a NO-ligated dinuclear ruthenium complex with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN), sulfur, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) gave the corresponding mononitrosyl dinuclear complexes, except for reaction with sulfur, where diastereomers of a S2-bridged tetranuclear complex along with a NO- and S2-bridged dinuclear complex were obtained. According to the scan rate dependent cyclic voltammograms, linkage isomerism of a dmso ligand on the dinuclear complex was revealed, and the linkage isomer was obtained from the chemical oxidation

A Case of Prefemoral Fat Pad Impingement Syndrome Caused by Hyperplastic Fat Pad

Case. We report a rare case of prefemoral fat pad impingement syndrome that was caused by a hyperplasia of the normal suprapatellar fat pad. Pain and catching were observed in the proximal-lateral patellofemoral joint, and MRI imaging confirmed a hyperplasic mass in the same area. Although conservative treatment showed no signs of improvement, symptoms improved after an arthroscopic excision of the mass. Conclusion. Prefemoral fat pad impingement syndrome is related to patellar motion and should be considered as one of the underlying causes of anterior knee pain (AKP). Surgeons should recognize that a small hyperplasia composed of normal adipose tissue can cause AKP

Clinical outcome of a new remnant augmentation technique with anatomical double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Comparison among remnant preservation, resection, and absent groups

Purpose: The aim of this study was to verify the effects of a new remnant augmentation technique with anatomical double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for postoperative clinical scores, anterior stability and frequency of complications compared to remnant removal and cases with remnant defects. Methods: The 105 patients who underwent anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction were divided into three groups. If the remnant was a Crain I-III type, remnant-preserving bone tunnel creation was attempted. After the creation of the bone tunnel, good continuity was maintained in 34 patients (preserved group). Due to lost continuity, the remnant was resected in 26 patients (resected group). No identifiable remnant continuity remained (Crain IV) in 45 patients (absent group). The Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, anterior stability measured using the KT-1000 arthrometer at 2 years postoperatively, and frequency of complications were compared among the three groups. Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to clarify the factors affecting postoperative anterior stability. Results: The Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity scale, IKDC subjective score, and frequency of complications were not significantly different among the groups. The mean side-to-side difference of anterior stability was significantly better in the preserved group (0.3 ± 1.6 mm) compared to the resected group (1.6 ± 2.3 mm, p = 0.003) and absent group (1.6 mm ± 1.7, p = 0.009). The multiple linear regression analysis showed remnant preservation significantly related to postoperative anterior stability. Conclusion: Although there were no differences in clinical scores, the ACL reconstruction with new preservation technique showed good anterior stability and no difference in the frequency of complications