An analysis of descriptions from the recollections of music therapy trainees―Focusing on how their “learning” changed based upon their experiences―

本研究では、地域高齢者を対象とした音楽療法の実習生が、振り返りに使用した記述の計量テキスト分析を行い、経験による学びの変化を捉えることを試みた。その結果、学年ごとに用いる言葉の特徴、会話・観察視点の継時的変化を概観するに至った。 　会話内容の比較では、２年生は「実習生自身の話、対象者の生活背景、天候」に関する語の出現率が高く、４年生は「対象者の要求・評価」に関する語の出現率が高かった。時系列変化では、２年生は１回目（ポジティブ）、２－４回目（ネガティブ、具体的説明）、４年生は１回目（運営）、２・３回目（対象者の話）、４回目（再評価）という過程が示された。コーディングルールを使用したクロス集計の結果、４年生のみに「言語コミュニケーション（実習生と対象者の言語行動）」（P<0.01）と「観察（顔・身体）」（P<0.05）で回数ごとの変化がみられた。 　分析手法は、音楽療法実習課程の学生と指導者双方向の学修の成果における評価を可能にするものである。In this research, I carried out a text analysis of descriptions from the recollections of music therapy trainees who dealt with local elderly people, and attempted to grasp how their “learning” changed based upon their experiences. The results led to an overview of successive changes in the characteristics of the words used by students at different years, and in the perspectives that appeared in their conversation and observations. When comparing conversational content ; for the second-year students, there was a high appearance rate of words that were related to “the students themselves, the lives and backgrounds of the elderly subjects, and the weather” ; and for the fourth-year students, there was a high appearance rate of words that were related to “the subjects’ requests and their evaluation”. A process of chronological change was observed with the second-year students ; the first time （positive）, and second to fourth times （negative, specific descriptions）; and with the fourth-year students; the first time （managing）,the second and third times （discussing the subject）, and the fourth time （re-evaluating）. From a cross tabulation of the results using coding rules, it could be observed that only for the fourth-year students did the amount of “verbal communication” （P<0.01） and “observation （face and body）（P<0.05） change by the number of times. The method of analysis made it possible to evaluate the academic outcomes of the interactions between music therapy training course students and their teachers.departmental bulletin pape

「音楽で楽しく健康のつどい」が地域高齢者の生きがいに及ぼす影響―11年間にわたる大学地域連携事業の活動を振り返って―

本研究では，「音楽で楽しく健康のつどい」の参加者を対象としてアンケートとインタビュー調査を実施し，音楽のつどいへの評価ならびに生きがい意識への影響について検討した． 本研究参加者26名の平均年齢は84.3歳，継続年数は４ヶ月～11年であった．インタビュー内容の分析の結果，生きがい意識尺度（Ikigai-９）の因子Ⅰ「生活・人生に対する楽天的・肯定的感情」に関連する語りとして【参加の楽しみ】，【参加による気分の肯定的変化】，【人に会える楽しみ】，【活動内容への満足】のカテゴリーが見いだされ，因子Ⅰの得点に肯定的な影響を与えていると考えられた．因子Ⅱ「未来に対する積極的・肯定的姿勢」や因子Ⅲ「自己存在の意味の認識」においても関連する語りが示された． 「音楽で楽しく健康のつどい」は参加者から高く評価されており，生きがいの高揚につながる可能性が示唆された．This study aimed to examine the effects of a music program designed to promote health through musical group activities among community-dwelling Japanese elderly people in relation to the concept of ikigai-a reason for living. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted to evaluate the music program from the participants’ perspectives. Furthermore, the benefits of the program were examined using the Ikigai- ９ scale, which assesses the extent to which participants perceive their lives as happy and meaningful and hold an optimistic and positive attitude toward life. There were 26 participants with an average age of 84.3 years; their period of participation in the music program ranged from ４ months to 11 years. The narrative descriptions obtained through the interviews were analyzed and categorized. The following categories related to Factor 1（an optimistic and positive feeling toward living and life） were derived: pleasure through participation, positive change in mood through participation, pleasure in meeting people, and satisfaction with the music program’s content. These categories were considered to influence Factor １ positively. Narrative descriptions related to Factors ２ （an active and positive attitude toward the future） and ３（ a recognition of the meaning of self existence） were also found in the analysis of interview transcripts. In conclusion, the participants highly evaluated the benefits of participating in the music program, which may be associated with the promotion of ikigai.departmental bulletin pape

A time series analysis of group cohesion, group flow, and mood changes that occur throughout quasi-therapeutic singing sessions

Introduction: Group singing sessions have been observed to result in positive mood changes. One reason for this mood enhancement property is the sense of unity generated by the resulting group cohesion. Based on this sense of unity, the concept of group flow is then likely related to the overall group’s cohesion to a certain degree. However, a question remains surrounding the time changes in the factors of group cohesion and flow during sessions in accordance with the therapist’s expectations. Method: To investigate this, quasi-therapeutic group singing sessions were employed. The present study conducted a time series analysis to examine changes in group cohesion, group flow, and participants’ moods by examining the influence of the song orders that a therapist used for effective mood enhancement. Results: The main findings were that (1) group singing sessions enhanced group cohesion and flow between members; (2) group cohesion and group flow of participants was altered in accordance with the order of the presentation of songs, as per our original expectation. Finally, we found that group singing sessions enhance participants’ positive mood through the resulting changes to the group cohesion and flow. Discussion: These results are applicable for those involved in the organizing of the structures of music therapy sessions, as well as future research into this therapeutic mode

Relationships between Fmθ and the autonomic nervous system in singing : Quantitative assessment of perception, emotion and physiology for individuals and small group

本研究は、音楽療法場面で幅広く用いられている歌唱の様々な形態に着目し、歌唱中の脳波Fmθと自律神経活動の分析により、音楽演奏中の治療的効果 (認知・情緒・生理的側面) を定量的に評価するための基礎研究である。結果において、歌詞を話すこと・イメージすることは、注意・没頭の状態の指標であるFmθ波・交感神経系と関係し、唱歌「故郷」の歌唱では、独唱と心地よい状態の指標であるFmθ Powerが関係した。また、鼻歌・ギター伴奏付の歌唱・他者と一緒に歌うユニゾン歌唱が副交感神経系と関係することが示された。結果より、緩やかなテンポで運動量の少ない馴染みの曲の歌唱は、歌詞を話すこと・イメージすることと比較して、心地よい心理状態、生理的な鎮静化を促すことが示唆された。We conducted a basic research study on the psychophysiological effects of various vocal therapeutic methods in music therapy using the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the electroencephalogram (EEG). The results suggest singing with accompaniment, humming, and unison singing are related to an activation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). Singing alone was related to an increase in Fmθ power. The singing of Furusato compared with speaking and imaging was shown to further enhance relaxation and pleasant feelings.研究論