897 research outputs found
A Reanalysis of theUltraviolet Extinction from Interstellar Dust in the Large Magellanic Cloud
We have reanalyzed the Large Magellanic Cloud's (LMC) ultraviolet (UV)
extinction using data from the IUE final archive. Our new analysis takes
advantage of the improved signal--to--noise of the IUE NEWSIPS reduction, the
exclusion of stars with very low reddening, the careful selection of well
matched comparison stars, and an analysis of the effects of Galactic foreground
dust. Differences between the average extinction curves of the 30 Dor region
and the rest of the LMC are reduced compared to previous studies. We find that
there is a group of stars with very weak 2175 Ang. bumps that lie in or near
the region occupied by the supergiant shell, LMC 2, on the southeast side of 30
Dor. The average extinction curves inside and outside LMC 2 show a very
significant difference in 2175 Ang. bump strength, but their far--UV
extinctions are similar. While it is unclear whether or not the extinction
outside the LMC 2 region can be fit with the relation of Cardelli, Clayton and
Mathis (CCM), sightlines near LMC 2 cannot be fit with CCM due to their weak
2175 Ang. bumps. While the extinction properties seen in the LMC lie within the
range of properties seen in the Galaxy, the correlations of UV extinction
properties with environment seen in the Galaxy do not appear to hold in the
LMC.Comment: 29 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Ap
Post-Pandemic Sustainable Business Solution
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). In this research, we examined some of the key concerns faced by businesses from various industries which are associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. To extend the existing research, we also evaluate perspectives on sustainable recovery solutions proposed by the business. This market research, supported by academic research, is intended to support businesses and the Government in tapering their approach to achieving sustainable economic recovery. A total of 16 different industries participated in our research project and the findings of our research provide an evidence-based perspective on how businesses are responding to the pandemic and planning for the post-COVID era. This evidence document outlines recommendations on potential support packages and areas of focus for the Government to consider, based on recent survey data, lessons learnt from the past, professional experience and respected academic models.This research received no external fundin
Symmetries and novel universal properties of turbulent hydrodynamics in a symmetric binary fluid mixture
We elucidate the universal properties of the nonequilibrium steady states
(NESS) in a driven symmetric binary fluid mixture, an example of active
advection, in its miscible phase. We use the symmetries of the equations of
motion to establish the appropriate form of the structure functions which
characterise the statistical properties of the NESS of a driven symmetric
binary fluid mixture. We elucidate the universal properties described by the
scaling exponents and the amplitude ratios. Our results suggest that these
exponents and amplitude ratios vary continuously with the degree of
crosscorrelations between the velocity and the gradient of the concentration
fields. Furthermore, we demonstrate, in agreement with Celani et al, Phys. Rev.
Lett., 89, 234502 (2002, that the conventional structure functions as used in
passive scalar turbulence studies exhibit only simple scaling in the problem of
symmetric binary fluid mixture even in the weak concentration limit. We also
discuss possible experimental verifications of our results.Comment: To appear in JSTAT (letters) (2005
Dust and Stellar Populations in the Large Magellanic Cloud
We present an analysis of line-of-sight extinction measurements obtained
using data from the Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey, which provides
4-filter photometry for millions of stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We
find that visual extinctions are typically larger by several tenths of a
magnitude for stars with effective temperatures > 12000 K, than for stars with
effective temperatures between 5500 K and 6500 K. Several repercussions of this
population-dependent extinction are discussed. In particular, LMC distance
measurements that utilize old stellar populations (such as red clump stars),
but use extinctions derived from OB stars, may be biased low.
Population-dependent extinction affects the interpretation of color-magnitude
diagrams and results in an effective absorption law that is steeper than that
intrinsic to the dust for unresolved stellar systems. We further explore the
relation between the stellar populations and dust by comparing our extinction
map to the 100mu image of the region and identifying potential heating sources
of the dust. We conclude that 100mu flux should be used with caution as a star
formation tracer, particularly for studies of star formation within galaxies.
Finally, we reproduce the observed extinction variation between the hot and
cold stellar populations with a simple model of the distribution of the stars
and dust where the scaleheight of the cooler stars is >> than that of the dust
(which is twice that of the OB stars). (Abridged Abstract)Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ (scheduled for Dec. 1999). 31 pgs
(including Figures
Ultraviolet Extinction Properties in the Milky Way
We have assembled a homogeneous database of 417 ultraviolet (UV) extinction
curves for reddened sightlines having International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE)
spectra. We have combined these with optical and 2MASS photometry allowing
estimates of the ratio of total-to-selective extinction, R(V), for the entire
sample. Fitzpatrick-Massa (FM) parameters have also been found for the entire
sample. This is the largest study of parameterized UV extinction curves yet
published and it covers a wide range of environments, from dense molecular
clouds to the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM), with extinctions A(V) ranging
from 0.50 to 4.80. It is the first to extend far beyond the solar neighborhood
and into the Galaxy at large, with 30 sightlines having distances > 5 kpc.
Previously, the longest sightlines with FM parameters and R(V) extended ~ 1
kpc. We find that (1.) the CCM extinction law applies for 93% of the
sightlines, implying that dust processing in the Galaxy is efficient and
systematic; (2.) the central wavelength of the 2175 A bump is constant; (3.)
the 2175 A bump width is dependent on environment. Only four sightlines show
systematic deviations from CCM, HD 29647, 62542, 204827, and 210121. These
sightlines all sample dense, molecule-rich clouds. The new extinction curves
and values of R(V) allow us to revise the CCM law.Comment: 32 pages, 12 figure
Design space exploration for providing QoS within the HARMONY framework
ABSTRACT The HARMONY architectur
- …