Evaluation of antioxidant effect of Salacia oblonga against aluminum chloride induced visceral toxicity in albino rats

Background: Aluminum is present in several manufactured foods and medicines and is also used in water purification. It is known that aluminum induces an oxidative stress characterized by an increase in lipid peroxidation and depletion of antioxidants. Therefore, the present experiment was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of hydroalcoholic extract of root bark of Salacia oblonga (SOHE) in modulating the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced oxidative stress in rats.Methods: Animals were assigned into four groups: control; AlCl3 300 mg/kg b.w.; Salacia 67 mg/kg; AlCl3 (300 mg/kg b.w.) plus Salacia (67 mg/kg b.w.), respectively. Rats were orally administered their respective doses daily for 36 days. The effect of these treatments in influencing the aluminum induced biochemical changes on liver, kidney, lungs, and heart were studied.Result: The results showed that S. oblonga produced significant (p<0.05) reduction of malondialdehyde, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase and catalase were positively modulated.Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that S. oblonga protects against aluminum-induced oxidative stress, which is an important finding that further reinforces the antioxidant properties of this natural product

Performance Analysis of Network Coding with Exponential back off Algorithm Using Multi Path Transfer Protocol in Wireless Network

Network coding is an effective technique to boost the capacity of wireless networks. In that network, transmitted data is encoded and decoded to increase network throughput and to reduce end to end delay and make the network more robust. In this paper, the throughput and end to end delay of network coding is investigated under IEEE802.11 DCF. It is proposed that this can be achieved with CSMA/CA as in IEEE802.11 distributed coordination function with Multi Path Transfer Protocol (DCF-MPTP). CSMA/CA is based on the combination of physical carrier sensing and exponential back off algorithm. Proposed model prevents the delay and packed loss

Imperative Role Of Human Resource Management In Organizational Activities

Human Resource Management is the strategic approach to the effective management of people in a company or Organization such that they help their business gain a competitive advantage. The overall purpose of Human Resource is to ensure that the organizational is able to achieve success through people. It practices on organizational performance. The job of HRM is the job of all such departments to ensure that the business gets the most out of its employees. The Human Resources Management needs to provide a high return on the business investment in its people and deals with not just management issues but also human as well. It has widely spread over different channels receiving an application, selection, placement, Training and development, promotional activities, performance appraisal, job definition, compensation, reward and employee participation. In this paper we discuss the reasons for organizations to have a HRM strategy as well as the business drivers that make the strategy imperative for Organizational achievement. HRM becomes a valuable tool for management to ensure the organizational success. In today’s world the human resource management plays a very vital role in the daily life. On the one hand the soft and hard human resource management influence on the business and let them develop rapidly for organizational growth and success

Secondary metabolites screening from in-vitro cultured Rauwolfia tetraphylla by HPTLC-MS: A special emphasises on their antimicrobial applications

The current study designed at evaluating the phytochemical, trace metal concentration and antimicrobial properties were screened by the ethanolic extracts of in-vitro cultured medicinal plant Rauwolfia tetraphylla . The In-vitro shoots proliferation from nodal explants of R. tetraphylla using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.1mM of NAA and 0.25mM of BAP was effectively induce the shoot buds. The phytochemical analysis of cultured plant extracts revealed the presence of steroids, reducing sugars, sugars, alkaloids, phenols, flavonoid, saponins, tannins and amino acids. In continuously, we assessed by HPTLC coupled with mass spectrum, based on the mass spectrum were easily identified the major compounds such as 3-isoreserpine, ajmalicine, ajmaline, reserpine and yohimbine from R. tetraphylla . Metal contents of plant samples, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations are BDL, BDL, 0.12, 0.68, BDL, BDL and 0.62 mg kg-1, respectively. The ethanol extraction of in-vitro R. tetraphylla inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi to a greater extent

Determination of Adulteration and Quantity of Petrol in Automobiles

Determination of adulteration and quantity of petrol in automobiles is implemented to ensure quality, quantity and to determine the efficiency of the engine through mileage. It consists of pH meter, LDR arrangement, proximity sensor, PIC microcontroller and LCD. The pH meter is used for the quality testing of petrol and its values should range between 5.5-5.88 to indicate petrol without adulteration. LDR arrangement produce a change in the voltage according to the level of petrol in the tank is used for quantity measurement. Proximity sensor is used to determine the petrol consumption between the levels of LDR arrangement by calculating the number of rotations of the wheel through induction type. The inputs from the pH Meter, LDR setup and proximity sensor are connected to the PIC microcontroller. Based on the voltage level produced from the sensors, PIC controller would calculate and display the corresponding values of quality, quantity and mileage of the vehicle

Serum Ferritin in Acute Myocardial Infarction

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease is the leading epidemic of the millennium contributing to 12 million deaths annually worldwide. Normally the initiating event in a coronary artery disease is the disruption of the atherogenic plaque leading onto vessel occlusion resulting in myocardial infarction. Inflammation plays an essential role at all stages of atherosclerosis. There has been researches over the past two decades suggesting a relationship between increased body iron stores and increased risk of CAD. This is attributed to the pro oxidant property and increased free radical production associated with iron overload. OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the level of serum ferritin in acute myocardial infarction. 2. To compare the relationship of serum ferritin with conventional risk factors of acute myocardial infarction like diabetes mellitus, body mass index, hypertension and smoking. METHODS: A case control study involving 50 cases of acute myocardial infarction patients and 50 age and sex matched controls were enrolled for the study. Required information were collected using a proforma. Serum ferritin levels were measured and analysed using ELISA technique. Patients were treated according to our institutional protocol. RESULTS: The mean serum ferritin concentration among patients with acute myocardial infarction was 250.85+/- 79.01 ng/ mL whereas in control group the mean serum ferritin concentration was 113.59 +/- 50.5 ng/mL. The difference in serum ferritin concentration was further analysed using a chi square test and was found to be statistically significant (p value < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In our study, serum ferritin is found to be significantly increased in patients with acute MI compared to age and sex matched controls. Thus, it is recommended to measure serum ferritin levels in all patients at high risk for CAD and treat them accordingly in addition to all the other conventional risk factors

A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding behavioral problems of children among primary school teachers in selected schools at Coimbatore

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding behavioral problems of children among primary school teachers in selected schools at Coimbatore. OBJECTIVES: 1.To assess the level of knowledge regarding behavioral problems of school children among primary school teachers. 2. To deliver a structured teaching program on knowledge regarding behavioral problems of children among primary school teachers. 3. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge regarding behavioral problems of children among primary school teachers. 4. To find out the association between the knowledge regarding behavioral problems of children among primary school teachers with selected demographic variables. HYPOTHESES: H1: There will be a significant difference between pretest and post-test knowledge scores on knowledge regarding behavioral problems of children among primary school teachers in selected schools. H2: There will be a significant association between post-test knowledge scores and selected demographic variables. METHODOLOGY: Setting of the Study: The study was conducted in Mews Matriculation School located at Podanur, Coimbatore and which have a total strength of 469 students in primary classes and 45 teachers. Population: The accessible population includes the primary school teachers at selected schools in Coimbatore. SAMPLES AND SAMPLE SIZE: The sample size included in the study consists of 40 primary school teachers. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SAMPLES: Inclusion Criteria: Both male and female teachers, Teachers who are willing to participate in this study. Exclusion Criteria: Teachers who have attended previous behavioral classes, The teachers who are not available at the time of data collection. Sampling Technique: The samples were selected by using Purposive Sampling Technique; it is a type of probability sampling method. RESULTS: This is a pre-experimental study indented to evaluat e the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding behavioral problems among primary school teachers at selected schools in Coimbatore. The results of the study are discussed according to the objectives. The First Objective of the Study to assess the level of knowledge regarding behavioral problems of children among primary school teachers. Structured questionnaire was used to assess the pretest score of knowledge regarding behavioral problems among primary school teachers. During the pre-test 3 (7.5%) teachers showed inadequate knowledge, most of the teachers 35 (87.5%) demonstrated moderately adequate knowledge and 2 (5%) adequate knowledge regarding behavioral problems. CONCLUSION: The calculated “t” value of knowledge score was 14.02 at 29 degrees of freedom at 0.05 levels of significance which indicates the structured teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge regarding behavioral problems. There was a significant association between post-test knowledge with age, previously identified children with behavioral problems. There was no significant association between post-test knowledge with age, sex, qualification year of experience, qualification year of experience

ANTI FUNGAL COMPOUNDS FROM MARINE STREPTOMYCES

Objective: To identify antifungal compounds from marine Streptomyces.Methods: Strptomyces were isolated from marine soil sample by the spread plate method. From the active strain crude compounds were extracted by the solvent extraction method. Crude compounds were purified by TLC method. Then the identification of compounds done by GC-MS analysis.Results: One of the active strain was identified as Streptomyces rubralavendulae strain SU1 (HQ234765). The antifungal compounds were shown resistant to Candida albicans. The antifungal compounds were identified by GC-MS as 2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol and Eicosane.Conclusion: These results could support the suggestion of Streptomyces as an alternative of the host for medicinal activity for treating fungal infections.Â

Evaluation of Anticancer Potential of Leaves And Stem of Azima Tetracantha Lam

Cancer is considered to be a very atrocious disease since the time man started to imagine about therapeutics. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The majority of world’s population in developing countries still relies on herbal medicine to meet their health needs. The impact of toxicity/ ADR of the synthetic anticancer drug also paved the way for the focus on herbal medicines. Azima tetracantha Lam., is belonging to the family Salvadoraceae used in the Folk medicine to treat various ailments. In the present work, the various extracts of leaves and stem of Azima tetracantha were subjected to pharmacognostical, phytochemical and pharmacological studies. The plant extracts were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against MCF-7 cell lines using MTT assay. Based on MTT assay, the active extract was subjected to bioactivity guided isolation by column chromatography using hexane, chloroform and ethanol. All the fractions and isolated compounds were evaluated for their invitro antioxidant activity and the compound that showed high antioxidant effect on DPPH further evaluated for invivo acute toxicity studies and spectral studies. From all the fractions tested, the more effecient fraction (IBC32) subjected to invitro anticancer activity on various cell lines (MCF-7, HeLa and A549) using MTT assay. Docking studies were carried out for the isolated bioactive compound (IBC32) with various targeting enzymes such as PDB ID- 4O33, 2Y3I, 3UEN and 3ZOZ