Double-image encryption scheme based on the phase-truncated multiple-parameter Fresnel transform

A double-image encryption algorithm is proposed with the phase-truncated multiple-parameter Fresnel transform. Firstly, the pixel positions of two plaintext images are scrambled and then the results are merged into one image with the scrambling operation. Subsequently, the resulting image is encrypted by phase truncation and phase reservation in the multiple-parameter Fresnel transform domain. The phase information is scrambled by the affine transform and then recombined with the amplitude information. The final encryption image is obtained with the pixel scrambling and diffusion methods to further enhance the security of the image encryption system, where the scrambling and diffusion operations are based on logistic map, logistic-sine system and 2D logistic-adjusted-sine map. The image encryption scheme is robust against the common attacks due to the nonlinear properties of diffusion and phase truncation. Numerical simulation results verify the performance and the security of the proposed double-image algorithm based on the phase-truncated multiple-parameter Fresnel transform

Image Encryption Scheme Based on Block Scrambling, Closed-Loop Diffusion, and DNA Molecular Mutation

A new image encryption scheme is proposed with a combination of block scrambling, closed-loop diffusion, and DNA molecular mutation. The new chaotic block scrambling mechanism is put forward to replace the traditional swapping rule by combining the rectangular-ambulatory-plane cyclic shift with the bidirectional random disorganization. The closed-loop diffusion strategy is designed to form a feedback system, which improves the anti-interference capacity of the algorithm. To further destroy the blocks characteristics and eliminate the correlations among adjacent blocks, two efficient methods of DNA molecular mutation are adopted in the mutation stage. Moreover, the proposed algorithm possesses a large key space and the keys are highly related with the plaintext image. Experimental results demonstrate that the suggested image encryption strategy is practicable and has strong ability against a variety of common attacks

Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis Associated with Mycobacterium abscessus in South China: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Mycobacteria, which are known as rapidly growing bacteria, are pathogens that are responsible for cutaneous or subcutaneous infections that especially occur after injection, trauma, or surgery. In this report, we describe a species of Mycobacterium abscessus that was isolated from a breast abscess in a patient who was previously diagnosed with granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM). This current case is the first ever presented case of GLM associated with M. abscessus documented in South China. The case presentation highlights the role of M. abscessus in GLM. The association of M. abscessus and GLM is discussed and a summary of breast infection due to Mycobacteria is given

Yiqi Qingre Xiaozheng formula protects against diabetic nephropathy by restoring autophagy in mice

Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of Yiqi Qingre Xiaozheng formula (YQQRXZF) via the regulation of autophagy in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mice induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ) after high fat diet (HFD). Methods: The composition of YQQRXZF was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MSn). The DN model was induced by intraperitoneally injection of 50 mg/kg STZ within 5 days, followed by HFD feeding for 8 weeks in C57BL/6J mice. Mice were randomly separated into DN group, YQQRXZF group, irbesartan group, and control group. Blood glucose was calculated, and body weight was measured every 2 weeks. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) before and after treatment, and the serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) were measured. In addition, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe pathological changes in renal tissue. Autophagy levels were determined by immunofluorescence staining. Results: In this study, 21 dominant chemical constituents were identified in YQQRXZF. The treatment group reduced uACR in a more significant way than the DN group (P = .018). The treatment group reduced TC, TG, and LDL concentrations after YQQRXFF treatment (P = .021, P = .014 and P = .026, respectively). H&E, PAS, and Masson staining showed that pathological damage to mice kidneys improved, the volume of renal glomeruli was reduced, and glomerular sclerosis and fibrosis were reduced. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that expressions of LC3-Ⅱprotein increased in the treatment group (P = .013). In contrast, the protein expressions of P62 were reduced after treatment (P = .025). Conclusion: YQQRXZF effectively attenuates kidney injury in DN mice, probably by regulating autophagy

Analysis of Soybean Somatic Embryogenesis Using Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines and Transcriptome Sequencing

Soybean is an important cash crop that is widely used as a source of vegetable protein and edible oil. The regeneration ability of soybean directly affects the application of biotechnology. In this study, we used the exogenous hormone 2,4-D to treat immature embryos. Different levels of somatic incidence were selected from the chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) constructed by SN14 and ZYD00006. Transcriptome sequencing of extreme materials was performed, and 2666 differentially expressed genes were obtained. At the same time, a difference table was generated by combining the data on CSSL rearrangement. In the extreme materials, a total of 93 differentially expressed genes were predicted and were then analyzed by cluster analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) annotation. After screening and annotating the target genes, three differentially expressed genes with hormone pathways were identified. The expression patterns of the target genes were verified by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Haplotype polymorphism detection and linkage disequilibrium analysis were performed on the candidate gene Glyma.09g248200. This study provided more information on the regulation network of soybean somatic embryogenesis and regeneration processes, and further identified important genes in the soybean regeneration process and provided a theoretical basis for accelerating the application of biotechnology to soybean for improving its breeding efficiency

Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Maleimides with Amines and Alkyne Esters: Direct Access to Fully Substituted Dihydropyrroles and Pyrrole Derivatives

An efficient and practical Cu­(I)-catalyzed oxidative cyclization cascade reaction of diverse amines, alkyne esters and maleimides has been developed. The reactions can afford 4,6-dioxopyrrolo­[3,4-<i>b</i>]­pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylates and related derivatives with satisfactory yields by altering the reaction conditions slightly. The substrate scope highlights the flexibility of the catalyst, and a reaction mechanism is also proposed