Investigating the rate of different ovarian response in in vitro fertilization cycles based on estrogen receptor beta +1730 polymorphism: A cross-sectional study

Background: The response to ovarian stimulation is different among women referring for assisted reproductive techniques. This difference could be due to different genotypes in genes related to reproduction such as estrogen receptor beta (E

National and sub-national trends of salt intake in Iranians from 2000 to 2016 : a systematic analysis

Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank all the staff at the Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for their support. Funding This study was supported by Iran University of Medical Sciences (Grant Number: 9221128206).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Olive and sesame oil effect on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic patients, which better?

Background: The study on natural substances especially, dietary components such as liquid oils affecting cholesterol can be important for therapeutic propose. Sesame seeds with various biomedical actions can be control the hypercholesterolemia. On the other hand, olive oil has a wide range of therapeutic effect on lipid profile in human. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare lipid profile changes after olive and sesame oils consumption in hypercholesterolemia. Methods: This study was a clinical randomized trial that was performed via parallel design on 48 patients. The patients were randomly allocated in to two groups: A: olive oil and B: sesame oil. After 1 month prescription of Step I National Cholesterol Education Program diet, patients consumed 4 table spoons aprox. 60 g) of refined olive or sesame oil daily as an exchange of other oils, for 1 month. Lipid profiles The P < 0.05 was considered as significant difference. Results: Out of 48 patients, 24 (50%) were men. The mean age was 41.7 ± 8.3 years. The mean of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, before oil consumption was 224.5 ± 22, 256 ± 132, 132.6 ± 9, and 44.5 ± 11 mg/dl. After olive oil consumption cholesterol, TG, LDL-C, weight, waist and BMI were decreased and HDL-C was increased. After sesame oil consumption cholesterol, TG, LDL-C were significantly decreased. Weight, waist were decreased and HDL-C was increased (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Sesame oil had equivalent effect on lipid profile in comparison olive oil and lipid profile improvement was better in sesame oil in LDL-C and TG

National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III versus International Diabetic Federation Definition of Metabolic Syndrome, which one is associated with Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease?

Background: A cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which occur together more often than by chance alone, have been known as the metabolic syndrome. Various definitions have been proposed by different organizations over the past decade. This study was designed to evaluate a new definition of the metabolic syndrome for the prediction of diabetes mellitus among the Iranian population. Methods: This study was carried out in an urban population, aged 20 to 74 years, from Yazd, a city in the center of Iran. The study is a part of the phase I of Yazd Healthy Heart Program, that is, a community-based intervention study for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. The significance level has been defined as P<0.05. Results: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria was 21.3 ± .017%, and by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria it was 30.16 ± .02%. The multivariate analysis showed that the most important relevant factors of diabetes mellitus were: Increased age and metabolic syndrome by both definitions of NCEP and IDF criteria, and also, the most important relevant factors of stable angina were: Increased age, male sex, and metabolic syndrome by only IDF definitions, but the NCEP definition of the metabolic syndrome cannot predict diabetes mellitus independent of age and sex. Conclusion: This study showed that increased age and metabolic syndrome are the most important relevant factors for diabetes mellitus, especially by using the IDF criteria for definition of the metabolic syndrome

Comparison of Different Time Course of Concurrent Training on Lipid Profile and Total Antioxidant in Cardiac Patients

Introduction: Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including atherosclerosis. Lipid profile conditions, oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalances play a major role in the development of the disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the different time course of concurrent training on lipid profile and total antioxidant capacity of cardiac patients. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study. Twenty male patients, mean age 56  ± 9.75, were voluntarily divided into the control and combination training groups The concurrent training group performed aerobic and resistance training for eight and three days a week. Aerobic exercise was performed for 15-20 minutes at 50-80% of maximal heart rate and resistance training program consisted of three upper extremity movements and two lower extremity movements with three sets and 10 repetitions. Blood samples were taken before and after four and eight weeks, and lipid profile and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS version 16 software. Results: Concurrent training has reduced the significant levels in LDL, cholesterol and triglycerides after four and eight weeks, and has also reduced a significant increase level in HDL. Concurrent exercise had a significantly effect on the amount of total antioxidant after eight weeks (P <0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it can be concluded that with eight weeks of concurrent training, there is a significant difference in the levels of lipid profiles and total antioxidant capacity of cardiac patients

Comparing the effectiveness of metformin with lifestyle modification for the primary prevention of type II diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Concerning ascending trend in the prevalence of chronic type II diabetes, prevention and the development of an effective approach after the recognition of at-risk individuals is crucial. This study aims to investigate comparing the influence of lifestyle modification and metformin interventions in the prevention of type II diabetes developments. Method The search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science databases. The inclusion criteria include randomized controlled trials (RCT) which studied both lifestyle modification and metformin interventions in the population above 18 years old without a history of any type of diabetes. After excluding studies with intervention time of fewer than 6 months, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate relative risk (RR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% of type II diabetes development. Results Data from 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The population also consists of individuals with a mean age of 50 years old with BMI and FBS of 35.5 and 104.7 mg/dl respectively. Participants range of prevention years was between 2–3 years with a mean of 2.8 years. Lifestyle modification decreases the probability of the incidence of type II diabetes by 25.3% (RR: 0.747, 95% CI, 0.6—0.92) compared to the metformin intervention (p-value = 0.007). Our results indicate that long-term lifestyle modifications can prevent diabetes type II and decrease diabetes mellitus incidence down to one-quarter in comparison to metformin. Conclusion Lifestyle modification can be more efficacious than metformin in diminishing the incidence of type II diabetes. Therefore, lifestyle modification can be a therapeutic strategy for controlling type II diabetes incidence, especially in high-risk individuals

Attitude to, Knowledge and Practice of Skin Care in Older Adults in Sarakhs City, and Prevalence of Some Skin Problems among Them

Introduction: Considering the effects of skin diseases on health, activities, and quality of life of older adults, the study was conducted with the aim of determining knowledge, attitude, and practice status in older adults of Sarakhs city about skin care and prevalence of some skin problems among them. &nbsp; Methods: Totally 400 older adults aged 60 years and above (60-99 years) in a cross-sectional study were selected through cluster random sampling from urban and rural older adults in Sarakhs city, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. Data was collected through skin examination and a researcher-made questionnaire, which included four parts of demographic questions, attitude to, knowledge, and practice of skin care. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. &nbsp; Results: The most commonly detected skin problem was dryness (30.25%) followed by pruritus (5.9%) and flaking of the skin (8.25%). Average knowledge score was 18.15 &plusmn; 7.59 (possible score range of 0-56), average attitude score was 27.13 &plusmn; 3.17 (possible score range of 12 to 36), and average practice score was 33.9&plusmn; 8.30 (possible score range of 13-67). There was a positive significant correlation between scores of knowledge and attitude (r = 0.283, p < 0.001), knowledge and practice (r = 0.222, p < 0.001), as well as attitude and practice (r = 0.298, p < 0.001). &nbsp; Conclusion: The commonest skin problems among older adults was skin dryness, pruritis and flaking. Knowledge and practice of skin care is at low level. An accurate and comprehensive training plan seems necessary to promote the level of these people&rsquo;s knowledge and practices

Prevalence of general obesity and central adiposity and its related factors in adult population of Yazd

Introduction: Obesity as one of the most important public health problems is growing worldwide and it is associated with many non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was investigating the prevalence of general obesity and central obesity and their related factors. Methods: The data of this research were extracted from a population health survey of Yazd province, Iran (YaHS), which was conducted on 9911 adults aged 20-70 years in 2014-2015. Body Mass Index (BMI) < 18.5 was considered underweight, in the range of 18.5 -24.9 healthy, from 25 to 29.9 overweight, and &ge;30 was interpreted as obese. Central obesity was defined as the waist circumference (WC) of &ge; 102 cm for men and &ge; 88 cm for women as well as waist to hip ratio (WHO) &ge; 0.90 for men and &ge;0.85 for women. Chi-square and one-way ANOVA tests were used for univariate analysis. Results: &nbsp;The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in both genders were 3.7 % (4.0% in men and 3.4% in women), 37.7% (39.9% in men and 35.6% in women), and 27 % (19.3% in men and 34.7% in women), respectively. The prevalence of abdominal obesity based on WC and WHR were 44.8 (23.9% in males and 65.4% in females) and 69.8% (69.4% in males and 70.2% in females), respectively. Gender (female), old age, being married for both genders, and low education in women were associated with an increase in both types of obesity. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity have affected more than half of the population (64%) and abdominal obesity has high prevalence in Yaz

Abnormal findings in fetal echocardiography and maternal disease: A cross-sectional study

Background: Congenital cardiovascular malformation is the most common group of birth defects. Fetal echocardiography is highly sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in low- and high-risk populations. Objective: This study aimed to assess abnormal findings in fetal echocardiography and maternal disease. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 114 pregnant women referred to Afshar hospital, Yazd, Iran from October 2016 to March 2017. All pregnant women underwent fetal echocardiography through fetal heart screening protocol, which is administered by the international society of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology guidelines. Data collected included referral cause, gestational age, maternal age, gravida, and final diagnosis after an accurate fetal echocardiography. Results: The mean gestational age was 20 wk. The most common referral cause of pregnant women included diabetes (36.8%), fetal arrhythmia (14%), high maternal age (7%), and echogenic focus on ultrasound (6.1%). The most common postpartum findings were normal (68.4%), cardiac abnormalities (17.6%), and arrhythmias (14%). In postnatal echocardiography, the results were consistent with fetal echocardiography except in 2 women. Conclusion: This study showed that fetal echocardiography can be used in the early diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart diseases. Key words: Fetus, Echocardiography, Heart defects, Congenital