Motivational, volitional and multiple goal predictors of walking in people with type 2 diabetes

Acknowledgment MN’s PhD scholarship was provided by Ministry of Health and Medical Education (Islamic Republic of Iran). This study was funded by the University of Aberdeen reference number: GP007RGC1618. FFS is funded by Fuse, the UK Clinical Research Collaboration Centre of Excellence for Translational Research in Public Health (grant number: MR/K02325X/1). The researchers gratefully acknowledge all the Type 2 diabetic patients and their household members who participated in the study for their contribution to this study; without them there would be no data. The researchers gratefully acknowledge the SDRN for providing the list of Type 2 diabetes and helping for sampling.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Effect of Patient Safety Educational Program on Nurses' Patient Safety Culture and Patient Safety Indicators

The need to improve patient’s safety is to change the patient’s safety culture. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the patient safety education program on nurses’ patient safety culture and patient safety indicators. This single-blind clinical trial was conducted in two cardiac medical wards that were randomly selected as research settings among the hospital teaching wards of the Zanjan city in Zanjan. Twenty-six nurses participated in this study under in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the educational program for two sessions, and the control group received a booklet about patient safety. The nurses’ patient safety culture was assessed using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire before and 3 months after intervention. The patient safety indicators were assessed 1400 times before and 3 months after intervention using a standard checklist by direct observation of all indicators (N = 100 for each). The results revealed that the patient safety educational program could improve some safety indicators, and overall perception of patient safety composite from safety culture, positively (P = 0.034). The patient safety indicators in pharmacological considerations (P =0.001), personal information considerations (P =0.001), and proper implementation of procedure considerations (P = 0.001) were significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group. It seems that changing the patient’s safety culture using educational program requires more training courses

Changes in sexual activities, function, and satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic era: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Little is known about the impact of the coronavirus on sexual behavior, function, and satisfaction. Aim: The aim of the present study was to systematically review people’s sexual function and behaviors and their changes in sexual activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Comprehensive searches in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were conducted with keywords in accordance with MeSH terms: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, sexual health, sexual function, sexual dysfunctions, sexuality, sexual orientation, sexual activities, and premarital sex. Two reviewers independently assessed full-text articles according to predefined criteria: original design, English studies, and investigating either the general population or sexual minorities. Results: Risk of bias in the studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and data were pooled via random effects meta-analyses. We utilized the standardized mean difference to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual activity, functioning, and satisfaction. We included 19 studies in the analysis and 11 studies in the meta-analysis, with a sample size of 12 350. To investigate sexual activity changes, a sample size of 8838 was entered into the subgroup analysis, which showed a significant decrease in both genders (5821 women, P < .033; 3017 men, P < .008). A subgroup meta-analysis showed that the sexual function of men and women during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly declined (3974 women, P < .001; 1427 men, P < .001). Sexual desire and arousal decreased in both genders, though mainly in women. In investigating sexual satisfaction changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, a meta-analysis with a sample size of 2711 showed a significant decrease (P < .001). The most indicative changes in sexual behaviors during the pandemic were the increase in masturbating and usage of sex toys. Greater COVID-19 knowledge was associated with lower masturbation, oral sex, and vaginal sex. The more protective behaviors were associated with less hugging, kissing, cuddling, genital touching, watching porn with a partner, and vaginal sex. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased challenges and changes for individuals’ sexual behaviors. Efforts for preventive strategies should therefore be concentrated between pandemics, while ensuring that there is information available to the population during a pandemic for help in times of psychological distress or crisis