WHAT SHOULD AI KNOW? INFORMATION DISCLOSURE IN HUMAN-AI COLLABORATION

AI-assisted Design Thinking shows great potential for supporting collaborative creative work. To foster creative thinking processes within teams with individualized suggestions, AI has to rely on data provided by the teams. As a prerequisite, team members need to weigh their disclosure preferences against the potential benefits of AI when disclosing information. To shed light on these decisions, we identify relevant information such as emotional states or discussion arguments that design thinking teams could provide to AI to enjoy the benefits of its support. Using the privacy calculus as theoretical lens, we draft a research design to analyze user preferences for disclosing different information relevant to the service bundles that AI provides for respective information. We make explorative contributions to the body of knowledge in terms of AI use and its corresponding information disclosure. The findings are relevant for practice as they guide the design of AI that fosters information disclosure

Multilocus haplotypes reveal variable levels of diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum in Papua New Guinea, a region of intense perennial transmission

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The South West Pacific nation of Papua New Guinea has intense year round transmission of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>on the coast and in the low-lying inland areas. Local heterogeneity in the epidemiology of malaria suggests that parasites from multiple locations will need to be surveyed to define the population biology of <it>P. falciparum </it>in the region. This study describes the population genetics of <it>P. falciparum </it>in thirteen villages spread over four distinct catchment areas of Papua New Guinea.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Ten microsatellite loci were genotyped in 318 <it>P. falciparum </it>isolates from the parasite populations of two inland catchment areas, namely Wosera (number of villages (n) = 7) and Utu (n = 1) and; and two coastal catchments, Malala (n = 3) and Mugil (n = 3). Analysis of the resultant multilocus haplotypes was done at different spatial scales (2-336 km) to define the genetic diversity (allelic richness and expected heterozygosity), linkage disequilibrium and population structure throughout the study area.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although genetic diversity was high in all parasite populations, it was also variable with a lower allelic richness and expected heterozygosity for inland populations compared to those from the more accessible coast. This variability was not correlated with two proxy measures of transmission intensity, the infection prevalence and the proportion multiple infections. Random associations among the microsatellite loci were observed in all four catchments showing that a substantial degree of out-crossing occurs in the region. Moderate to very high levels of population structure were found but the amount of genetic differentiation (<it>F_ST</it>) did not correlate with geographic distance suggesting that parasite populations are fragmented. Population structure was also identified between villages within the Malala area, with the haplotypes of one parasite population clustering with the neighbouring catchment of Mugil.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The observed population genetics of <it>P. falciparum </it>in this region is likely to be a consequence of the high transmission intensity combined with the isolation of human and vector populations, especially those located inland and migration of parasites via human movement into coastal populations. The variable genetic diversity and population structure of <it>P. falciparum </it>has important implications for malaria control strategies and warrants further fine scale sampling throughout Papua New Guinea.</p

Screensaver: an open source lab information management system (LIMS) for high throughput screening facilities

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Shared-usage high throughput screening (HTS) facilities are becoming more common in academe as large-scale small molecule and genome-scale RNAi screening strategies are adopted for basic research purposes. These shared facilities require a unique informatics infrastructure that must not only provide access to and analysis of screening data, but must also manage the administrative and technical challenges associated with conducting numerous, interleaved screening efforts run by multiple independent research groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have developed Screensaver, a free, open source, web-based lab information management system (LIMS), to address the informatics needs of our small molecule and RNAi screening facility. Screensaver supports the storage and comparison of screening data sets, as well as the management of information about screens, screeners, libraries, and laboratory work requests. To our knowledge, Screensaver is one of the first applications to support the storage and analysis of data from both genome-scale RNAi screening projects and small molecule screening projects.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The informatics and administrative needs of an HTS facility may be best managed by a single, integrated, web-accessible application such as Screensaver. Screensaver has proven useful in meeting the requirements of the ICCB-Longwood/NSRB Screening Facility at Harvard Medical School, and has provided similar benefits to other HTS facilities.</p

Numerical Analysis of Propagation and Impedance Matching in 2--D Photonic Crystal Waveguides with Finite Length

Wave propagation in two dimensional photonic crystal waveguides with finite length was analyzed. The relationship between forward and backward waves could be considered in terms of quantities like Bloch and load impedances, refraction coefficients and standing wave ratio (SWR). The main propagation features were obtained using concepts of propagation and transmission lines and theory of periodic structures

It’s not just what is said, but when it’s said: A temporal account of verbal behaviors and emergent leadership in self-managed teams

“Emergent leadership”—the ascription of informal leadership responsibilities among team members—is a dynamic phenomenon that comes into place through social interactions. Yet, theory remains sparse about the importance of verbal behaviors for emergent leadership in self-managed teams over a team’s lifecycle. Adopting a functional perspective on leadership, we develop a temporal account that links changes in task-, change-, and relations-oriented communication to emergent leadership in early, middle, and late team phases. We test the hypothesized relationships in 42 teams that provided round-robin emergent leadership ratings and videotapes of their first, midterm, and final meetings. Team members’ verbal behaviors were captured using fine-grained empirical interaction coding. Multilevel modeling showed that task-oriented communication was a stable positive predictor of emergent leadership at all time points. Change-oriented communication predicted emergent leadership at the start of a project and diminished in relevance at the midterm and final meetings. Relations-oriented communication gained importance, such that an increase in relations-oriented behaviors toward the project end predicted emergent leadership. We discuss theoretical implications for conceptualizing the behavioral antecedents of emergent leadership from a time- and context-sensitive perspective

Estimating verbal expressions of task and social cohesion in meetings by quantifying paralinguistic mimicry

In this paper we propose a novel method of estimating verbal expressions of task and social cohesion by quantifying the dynamic alignment of nonverbal behaviors in speech. As team cohesion has been linked to team effectiveness and productivity, automatically estimating team cohesion can be a useful tool for assessing meeting quality and broader team functioning. In total, more than 20 hours of business meetings (3-8 people) were recorded and annotated for behavioral indicators of group cohesion, distinguishing between social and task cohesion. We hypothesized that behaviors commonly referred to as mimicry can be indicative of verbal expressions of social and task cohesion. Where most prior work targets mimicry of dyads, we investigated the effectiveness of quantifying group-level phenomena. A dynamic approach was adopted in which both the cohesion expressions and the paralinguistic mimicry were quantified on small time windows. By extracting features solely related to the alignment of paralinguistic speech behavior, we found that 2-minute high and low social cohesive regions could be classified with a 0.71 Area under the ROC curve, performing on par with the state-of-The-Art where turn-Taking features were used. Estimating task cohesion was more challenging, obtaining an accuracy of 0.64 AUC, outperforming the state-of-The-Art. Our results suggest that our proposed methodology is successful in quantifying group-level paralinguistic mimicry. As both the state-of-The-Art turn-Taking features and mimicry features performed worse on estimating task cohesion, we conclude that social cohesion is more openly expressed by nonverbal vocal behavior than task cohesion

Strongly coupled nanoantennas: a simple route toward unidirectional radiation in optics

6nonenoneLOCATELLI A; MODOTTO D; DE ANGELIS C; BOSCOLO S; MIDRIO M; CAPOBIANCO A. D.Locatelli, Andrea; Modotto, Daniele; DE ANGELIS, Costantino; Boscolo, S; Midrio, M; Capobianco, A. D